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The theoretical basis for the international trade. The modern trends of the international trade development |
Браслет светоотражающий, самофиксирующийся, желтый. 
Мыло металлическое "Ликвидатор". 
Чашка "Неваляшка". o -s a e Educa io al I s i u io Chelyabi sk I s i u e of Eco omics a d Law af er M.V. Ladoshi Facul y of Ma ageme , Fi a ce a d Law HE HEORE ICAL BASIS FOR HE I ER A IO AL RADE. HE MODER RE DS OF HE I ER A IO AL RADE DEVELOPME ERM PAPER Performed by: Kichu ki a . . МЭ-305 Checked by: Salyakhova G. Kh. Chelyabi sk 2007 I roduc io he radi io al a d mos adva ced form of he i er a io al eco omic rela io s is he foreig rade. O a share of rade i is ecessary abou 80 % of all volume of he i er a io al eco omic rela io s. heories of he i er a io al rade begi i g from he E glish classical poli ical eco omy, have passed a umber of s ages oge her wi h he developme of he world eco omic scie ce. he chose heme is ac ual as heories of he i er a io al rade be efi si ce hey help o explai wha compe i ive produc io i is possible o make i a par icular cou ry or regio , where he compa y ca orga ize effec ive ma ufac ure of give produc s a d whe her he s a e will i erfere wi h bar er be wee he cou ries. he basic purpose of his erm paper is s udyi g bo h heories reveali g he pri ciples of op imum par icipa io of a io al eco omies i he i er a io al bar er, a d objec ive laws of developme of he world rade, i cludi g Russia’s foreig rade. he primary goals of his erm paper are: 1. o co sider wha i er a io al specializa io is he mos effec ive a d be eficial for he separa e cou ries a d regio s. 2. o defi e he basic direc io s of commodi y s reams be wee he cou ries a d fac ors of compe i ive ess of separa e cou ries i he world marke ; 3. o a alyse he role of Russia i he world rade. Area of research of he i er a io al eco omic rela io s is heore ical problems of orga izi g forei g rade i Russia a d abroad. Objec of research is he ex er al world. he heore ical a d me hodological basis of he erm paper are he of fou ders of he eco omic scie ce, moder domes ic a d foreig scie is s. However his heme is widely discussed i he periodic eco omic edi io s, such as « he Russia Ex er al Eco omic Bulle i », &quo ;Exper &quo ;. he prac ical impor a ce of he erm paper is s ha i s resul s ca be used i he educa io al process while s udyi g eco omic discipli es. he erm paper co sis s of he i roduc io , hree chap ers, he co clusio a d he lis of he li era ure. I he i roduc io he urge cy of he chose heme is proved, he purpose, problems, area a d objec of he research is defi ed, scie ific ovel y, heore ical a d prac ical values of work are co sidered. I chap erI « heories of he i er a io al rade » classical a d moder heories of he world rade are co sidered; i chap er II he co cep of he world rade, a d also he law of developme of he i er a io al rade a d he basic direc io s of he foreig rade s reams be wee he cou ries; i chap er III he role of Russia i he i er a io al rade has bee a alysed. I he co clusio of he erm paper he basic resul s of he carried ou researches are s a ed, co clusio s a d prac ical recomme da io s are made. Ac ive par icipa io of he cou ries i he foreig rade allows hem o use resources available i he cou ry more effec ively, o joi he world achieveme s of scie ce a d ech ology.
Chap er I. heories of he i er a io al rade Classical heories of he i er a io al rade A.Smi h’s Pri ciple of absolu e adva age he policy of free- rade has bee developed by E glish eco omis A.Smi h. He has crea ed he ew heory of he world rade. Не co sidered, ha i is ecessary o impor he goods from he cou ry where cos s absolu ely i is less, a d o expor ha goods, which cos s below expor ers. A.Smi h's approach has received he ame « he Pri ciple of absolu e adva age ». Each cou ry should specialize o ma ufac ure of he goods which average cos s i is less, ha average cos s i o her cou ries. Smi h has proved, ha free rade will be favourable o i s all par icipa s. If a cou ry makes some goods more o a u i of cos ha i s compe i ors do, i has he absolu e adva age i ma ufac uri g hese goods. I is favourable for he cou ry– ma ufac urer o expor hese goods, a d i is favourable for o her cou ries o buy hem si ce i would be more expe sive o produce hem. D.Rikardo’s Pri ciple of compara ive adva age D.Rikardo has formula ed he heory of compara ive cos s. He has defi ed a price zo e i side of which he excha ge will be favourable o everyo e. D.Rikardo has show , ha he i er a io al excha ge is possible a d desirable i i eres s of all cou ries. A eco omic heory which claims ha all cou ries will be be er off if each of hem co ce ra es o doi g he hi gs i does bes . So, mos cou ries have o e hi g hey do be er ha a yo e else. By co ce ra i g o o e ac ivi y hey ca impor he hi gs hey produce less well. Foreig rade should be free. heory of Hecksher - Oli he ew model has bee crea ed by he Swedish eco omis s Ales Hecksher a d Ber el Oli . heory has received he ame of he heory of propor io al fac ors. he cou ries aspire o expor ha goods i which produc io hey have superfluous fac ors of ma ufac ure. A d o impor he goods i which scarce fac ors for he cou ry are used. hey co sidered, ha i is possible o i duce he cou ries o developme of ma ufac ure a d expor of ha produc io where superfluous a d cheap fac ors of ma ufac ure are used. Leo iev’s Paradox Vasily Leo iev a America eco omis . He i ves iga ed s ruc ure of expor a d impor of he USA. He has fou d ou , ha i expor трудовое потребление goods prevailed, a d i impor prevailed capi al-i e sive. he heory has received he ame «Leo iev’s paradox ». V. Leo iev has assumed, ha grea er produc ivi y of he America work is co ec ed wi h higher qualifica io of he America workers. So, V. Leo iev has fou d ou , ha he bra ches bei g successful expor ers, possess higher labour i pu . A d o her bra ches collidi g wi h a compe i io of he impor goods, o so are successful. 1.2 Moder heories of he i er a io al rade he heory of he ech ological break he heory of he ech ological break is he moder heory of he world rade. he heory was developed by he America eco omis s G.Hafbauer, R.Ver o . If i bra ch ech ological i ova io s are applied, cou ry will receive compara ive adva ages. If he cou ry makes he goods wi h smaller cos s, i will receive addi io al profi i he world marke . herefore expor ers are i eres ed i i crease i ma ufac ure of he give goods a d i s realiza io i he world marke .
While break exis s, i re ders posi ive i flue ce o expor of goods i which ma ufac ure ew ech ologies are used. he heory of he produc life cycle R.Ver o , C.Ki delberger, L.Uels have developed he heory of he produc life cycle. his heory explai s developme of he world rade by fi ished goods o he basis of s ages of i s life i he marke . Developme of he world rade by fi ished ar icles depe ds o s ages of a life. he produc life cycle is a familiar o e i marke i g. A produc is lau ched, developed, goes hrough a period of grow h, e ers ma uri y, decli es, a d eve ually dies. A he firs s age here is a developme of ew produc io . Ma ufac ure of a ew produc has small-scale charac er, dema ds high qualifica io of workers a d co ce ra es i he cou ry of a i ova io . A he seco d s age of grow h dema d for a produc grows also i s ma ufac ure ex e ds. he produc becomes more s a dardized, he compe i io be wee ma ufac urers i creases a d expor ex e ds. he large-lo produc io is ypical of a ma uri y. he produc life cycle passes i a s age of decli e, dema d is reduced. he heory of he produc life cycle is realis ic e ough reflec s evolu io of ma y bra ches. However is o a u iversal expla a io of e de cies of developme of he i er a io al rade . Michael Por er’s he heory of compe i ive adva age I 2- d half XX ce uries i he world rade have occured cha ges. I commodi y s ruc ure of he world rade, sale of fi ished goods bega o prevail. I 1990 he America eco omis M.Por er has published research « Compe i ive adva ages of he cou ries ». M.Por er has crea ed he origi al heory of compe i ive adva age of he cou ry. he ce ral place i his co cep is occupied wi h idea of a a io al rhombus. De ermi a s of compe i ive adva age is charac eris ics of he mos sig ifica sources of compe i ive adva age of he compa ies of processi g i dus ries. 1. he Fac or of a co di io 2. Co di io s of he i er al dema d, causi g a scale effec 3. Prese ce of adjace a d suppor i g bra ches hus, he heory of a compe i io co ec s i clusio of he cou ry a d separa e firm i he world rade wi h co di io s of a compe i io . he heory of a scale effec P.Krjugma , R.Drize, G.Hafbauer have developed he heory of a scale effec . A he cer ai ech ology a d he orga iza io of ma ufac ure lo g- erm average cos s are reduced i process of i crease i ou pu , i.e. here is a eco omy caused by mass produc io . he effec of mass produc io was realized, ecessary capacious e ough marke . I er a io al rade allows o expa d commodi y marke s. I is offered o co sumers o more produc io a d lower prices. he heory of a scale effec is o u iversal. So, owadays he adva ages i he compe i io are de ermi ed ei her by he size of he cou ry, or by rich a ural resources or by he power of he fi a cial capi al. he de ermi a ives are he educa io al level a d volume of he k owledge accumula ed by a socie y. Chap er II. he i er a io al rade a he prese s age of developme 2.1 Co cep a d laws of developme of he i er a io al rade Basis of eco omic rela io s i he world eco omy is i er a io al rade. I er a io al rade is sphere of he i er a io al commodi y a d mo e ary rela io s o a excha ge of produc s of work ( he goods a d services) be wee sellers a d buyers of he differe cou ries».
Tohr is my next interview, and the butler is going to take me to the BrotherБЂ™s house, as evidently heБЂ™s off rotation tonight. IБЂ™m rebundled in my norБЂ™easter clothes and get back in the Mercedes. The partition goes up, and Fritz and I chat using the intercom that links the front and the rear of the car. The trip is about twenty minutes, and man, the Merc holds steady in all the snow. When we stop and stay that way, I figure weБЂ™re at TohrБЂ™s and I unlatch my seat belt. Fritz opens my door and I see the low-slung modern house the Brother and Wellsie and John Matthew live in. The place looks incredibly welcoming in the snow. On its roof two chimneys are gently smoking, and in front of each of the windows pools of yellow light condense on top of the thick white ground cover. On their travels from cloud to earth, flakes hit these patches of illumination and are spotlit for a brief time before they join legions of their accumulated brethren. Wellsie opens the back door, motions me in, and Fritz escorts me over
1. Use of the Topical Project Work “My Body” for Developing All Language Skills in Form 4
2. For the Beauty of the Earth
3. The origins of the International Socialists
4. Comparison of the Renaissance and Enlightenment (Сравнение Ренессанса и Просвещения)
5. Going public and the dividend policy of the company
10. History of `The Beatles` and biographies of members in english
11. The fastest computers of the world
12. The Consequences of the Soviet-Afghan War
13. Geometrization of the Fundamentals of Chemistry
16. The National Emblem of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Ящик с крышкой Darel Box, 41x30x21 см. 
Планшет для акварели и пастели "Соленый ветер. Венеции", 20 листов, А3. 
Цветные карандаши, 12 цветов, в пластиковом пенале. 18. Discovery of the New World
20. The Doctrine of the "Mysterious Female" in Taoism
21. Flora and Fauna of the USA
25. Dawn of the digital information era
26. Historical Background of the Middle English Period
27. Lexicology of the English Language
28. Survival of the Welsh Language
30. A Brief History of the Internet and Related Networks
31. American Poetry of the Seventeenth Century as a Reflection of Puritan’s Character
32. Prominent People of the Belarus
Бейдж с рулеткой, 54x90 мм. 
Доска магнитно-маркерная, 60x90 см. 
Портфель "Megapolis", А4, 12 отделений, серый. 33. The making of the collection
34. American Literature: An Overview Of The Development From The 17th To The 20th Centu-ries
36. Establishment of the Federal judicial system
37. The development of the drama. The theatres and actors
41. The notion of the agreement of the purchase and sale According to art
42. Islam in the eyes of the West
43. Algorithmic recognition of the Verb
44. Rise of sociology as an intellectual tradition. Classical tradition in sociology of the XIX century
45. Acquaintance with geometry as one of the main goals of teaching mathematics to preschool children
46. Comparative Analysis of the Compound Words
47. Economy of the United States
48. Industrial development of the African countries
Вкладыши "Лето". 
Конструктор металлический для уроков труда №2. 
Машина-каталка Ламбо "Розовая Принцесса". 49. Role of the interpreter in the modern world
50. Sport in different countries of the world
51. Stylistic Classification of the English Vocabulary
52. The explaining of the meaning of neologism
53. The history of grammatical study of the English language
57. The War of the Roses: the Historical Facts of the Tudor Myth (Shakespeare’s Histories)
58. Lectures in Contrastive Lexicology of the English and Ukrainian Languages
59. Division of the sentence into phrases
60. Intellectual history of the Europe
61. The impact of the French Revolution on the European system
62. The Radicalism of the American Revolution
63. The Tax System of the United States
64. International Combating The Crimes Harming The Economic Development Of States
Игра "Супер Твистер". 
Доска магнитно-маркерная, 90x120 см. 
Соковарка алюминиевая (6 литров). 65. Russia and the international economy
66. Water World as Another Home for English Nation Reflected in the English Folklore
67. Evaluating the GPRS Radio Interface for Different Quality of Service Profiles
68. Trade in Estonia in the Past and Present
69. Biopolitics in Russia: History and Prospects for the Future
73. The people must fight for their laws as for their walls
74. Speeches workers Grodno province in 1905-1907 and the emergence of trade unionism
75. The effect of light intensity on the amount of chlorophyll in “Cicer arietinum”
77. The face of every city is different. Washington D.C.
78. Two approches to the scientific management
80. On the problem of crystal metallic lattice in the densest packings of chemical elements
Набор диких животных. 
Настольная игра "Волшебник Изумрудного города". 
Глобус Земли, физико-политический, с подсветкой, 320 мм, арт. К013200101. 81. История развития компьютеров (Silicon Valley, its history & the best companies)
82. Alaska’s Wildlife: on the Verge of Extinction (Живая природа Штата Аляска на грани исчезновения)
83. Essay on the article "Tobacco and Tolerance: Blowing smoke" (о вреде курения)
84. How telecommunication change the defenition of work /Telework/
91. The Renaissance
92. The royal family (Королевское семейство)
94. Список мирового наследия (The World Heritage List, на английском языке)
95. The Economy of Great Britain
96. The face of every city is different. Washington D.C.
Настольная семейная игра "Звонкие колечки". 
Трехколесный велосипед Funny Jaguar Lexus Racer Trike (цвет: бронза). 
Карандаши цветные, трехгранные, 18 цветов. 97. The New-York City, Places of interest
98. Династия Тюдоров (essay the house of Tudor)
99. Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov: on the brink of suicide. Ф.М. Достоевский, Преступление и наказание
