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Drug trafficking - a global challenge of the XXI century |
Наркобизнес - глобальная проблема XXI в. Co e I roduc io Drugs si ua io i he world; scales, major fac ors a d e de cies of developme of drugs busi ess. he drugs busi ess charac eris ic: crimi al groups, ki ds of drugs, s ages of ma ufac ure a d dis ribu io , sale erri ory. he charac eris ic of he marke s of pri cipal views of drugs I errela io of drugs busi ess wi h o her global problems of ma ki d. Co clusio Bibliography I roduc io he ma ki d has s epped i he XXI-s ce ury, co i ui g o search for effec ive ways of he decisio of o e of he major global world problems - a drug rafficki g. his problem cos s prac ically before all s a es. Here here are o erri orial, a io al, religious, class, sexual or o her borders. he arcoi dus ry wi h a ur correspo di g approxima ely of 8 % of world rade is s eadily improved, raisi g ech ical, fi a cial po e ial, adap i g adva ced achieveme s of scie ific a d ech ical progress for he requireme s. herefore i is o wo der ha ra s a io al arcosy dica es use i he crimi al ac ivi y he adva ced mea s of arms a d a ammu i io , sys ems of elec ro ic equipme , he ewes me hods of mai e a ce of ow safe y. World arcobusi ess, bei g he mos profi able (for example, i he e herla ds he cos price of o e able &quo ; ecs asy&quo ; makes 7-9 ce s, a d i s re ail price already $ 8-15) has also he mos powerful a d bra ched ou mafia s ruc ure. arcobusi ess is i i ially doomed o i er a io alism, globalisa io . Bough primary raw ma erials i hird World cou ries, he drug mafia should orga ise o o ly i s processi g i a e d-produc , bu also goods delivery o he co sumers which mos par lives i he developed cou ries. Has passed ime whe he arcoproblem me io ed he o ly separa ely ake cou ries. he arco ism wide circula io causes co cer o o ly i hose gover me s or o her s a es a d he i er a io al orga isa io s. he U i ed a io s Orga iza io , i par icular, fu c io i g i i s s ruc ure Ma ageme o s ruggle agai s drugs a d crimi ali y preve ive mai e a ce (based i Vie a), I er a io al Crime socie y, he I er a io al associa io of crimi al law, he I erpol is e gaged i drug rafficki g s udyi g, e c. Drugs si ua io i he world; scales, major fac ors a d e de cies of developme of drugs busi ess he world has s epped i he XXI-s ce ury. he rough processes of he globalisa io which has cap ured various areas of huma abili y o live, as a whole have posi ive charac er a d give o ma ki d u precede ed possibili ies. Bu , u for u a ely, occurri g cha ges have also a shady side, allowi g such roubles of he moder world as he orga ised crime, he i er a io al errorism, drug busi ess o ge ra s a io al charac er, o ur i «problems wi hou passpor s». Spread of drug addic io worldwide has se of aspec s: poli ical, eco omic, social, legal, medical, moral. Drugs & dash; social ill ess of a moder socie y, a d i s exac diag osis, u ders a di g of all complexi y of he give phe ome o a d difficul ies of s ruggle wi h i is ecessary for rea me of his ill ess. Lei mo if of performa ces of ma y heads of he s a es a d he gover me s a special sessio of Ge eral Assembly of he U i ed a io s i he Ju e, 2008, he devo ed s ruggle agai s spread of drug addic io , he deep alarm sou ded because spread of drug addic io o globe occurs accrui g ra es a d ur s o global hrea , comparable from he ecological.
I especially difficul si ua io here are ma y cou ries wi h ra si ive eco omy1. Drug busi ess ra s a io aliza io , i s offe sive s ra egy o a hreshold of seco d mille ium are i ma y respec s co ec ed by ha o he radi io al reaso s ge era i g i malicious (pover y, he poli ical hopeless ess, social disorder, alie a io of millio s people), were i he i e ies added he ew fac ors accompa yi g globalisa io fi a cial, ba k, radi g, ech ological, i forma io a d o her areas of huma ac ivi y. hese fac ors, o he o e ha d, are reflec ed i a way of life of he perso , a d wi h a o her & dash; ope ew possibili ies for busi essme of drug busi ess. A d hese ew possibili ies are reflec ed as i s ruc ure a d ways of ma ufac ure drugs, a d o ways of delivery, rade, co sump io . By approxima e calcula io s, for oday worldwide over 200 millio perso s are o drugs a various ki d. I cludi g abou 140 millio people smoke marihua a - he mos widespread drug, cocai e use 13 millio people, a d heroi - 8 millio , 30 millio people’s abuse s imula ors amphe ami e. he qua i y of co sumers of drugs i creases every year a d basically a he expe se of defea by drugs of he mos vul erable par of he popula io - you h. I some cou ries he umber of schoolboys a d full age you g me which, by ow recog i io , ried o co sume marihua a, makes 37 %. Alo g wi h i he e de cy of expa sio of ac ivi y of he i er a io al crimi al groupi gs was ou li ed. ha ks o he i er a io al charac er a d a marke basis drug busi ess fas er, ha legal busi ess, reac s o hese cha ges, usi g globalisa io for expa sio of a drug e work a d expa sio i all direc io s. I a ac ive of drug busi essme all adva ages of shadow eco omy & dash; ax free, abse ce of co rol, co ce ra io of huge capi als, e work i er a io al s ruc ure of he orga isa io of corpora e ype which covers he basic li ks of he drug i dus ry a d co ec s i a u iform global e work of all par icipa s of a drug rafficki g & dash; maki g, co sumi g a d providi g ra si of drug cargoes of he cou ry. A d he specific goods & dash; a drug ha ks o a i erdic io have he highes prices defi ed o by produc io cos s, a d dema d i he drug marke of he co sumer depe de o i a d from dis a ce from i o a poi of produc io 2. he drug i dus ry is e ough s eady because of a s able dema d a d bri gs co siderable profi s i co ec io wi h abse ce some a serious compe i io be wee he orga isa io s which are e gaged i his ki d of crimi al busi ess. he ur of he world drug i dus ry is es ima ed by exper s of he U i ed a io s approxima ely i 400 billio dollars a year ha makes abou 8 % of a ur of all i er a io al rade. he repor of he U i ed a io s o posi io wi h drugs i he world of 1997 o ices ha he world ur of drug busi ess i separa e years exceeds a ur of he world marke of cars or he world marke of ferrous me als. O e o ly he Colombia car els prese ed more ha 500 compa ies, i he la e i e ies of he XX- h ce ury ook from drug raffic i he USA of 20 billio dollars of a ual profi . For compariso we will o ice ha o ally a io al budge s of Colombia, Bolivia a d Peru made a ha poi i ime o ly abou 9 billio America dollars a ually.
Opera io s wi h drugs bri g from 300 o 2000 % have arrived ha does heir a rac ive a d for he ra s a io al crimi al orga isa io s, a d for separa e groups of crimi als, whose purpose is recep io of he maximum profi i shor erms3. hus he drug i dus ry is s eadily improved, raisi g ech ical, fi a cial po e ial, adap i g adva ced achieveme s of scie ific a d ech ical progress for he requireme s. ra s a io al drug sy dica es i crimi al ac ivi y use he adva ced mea s of arms a d a ammu i io , sys ems of elec ro ic equipme , he ewes me hods of mai e a ce of ow safe y. A par of he profi received from drug raffic, drug busi essme direc o acquisi io of equipme of commu ica io , cryp ographic devices, a d radio wi h use of high-speed measureme of freque cy, receivers for reveali g of radar. By es ima io s of exper s, drug busi ess a ually pu s abou 125 millio dollars i purchase ew « ech icia s of alarm i ves iga io ». Drug car els have perfec ly armed securi y forces i which order here is he adva ced weapo , up o he por able is rocke -surface- o-air missile sys ems. A d o Sep ember, 8 h, 2000 o world i forma io cha els has passed he message o de ec io i Colombia i worki g suburb Faka a iva (18 km from Bogo a) shipyards wi h almos collec ed тридцатиметровой a submari e o which drug busi essme were goi g o ake ou he produc io . Drug busi ess developme is closely co ec ed wi h raffic i arms developme . A ually from drug crimi als from all regio s of he world i is wi hdraw abou 100 housa d u i s of fire-arms; comes o ligh over 500 secre ru ways a d pla forms, abou he same qua i y of he flyi g machi es used by drug sy dica es, ge s off duri g fligh or i will be co fisca ed. Despi e i , i is daily carried ou abou 300 s ar s wi h illegal cargo of drugs. ra s a io al scope of crimi al ac ivi y allows crimi als o use cha els fas a d co cer i g reliable audio- a d video co ac . So, he grea es dis ribu io is received by cases of use of global i forma io e work I er e for he co clusio of co ac less ra sac io s. As repor ed by Reu ers, drug dealers a d heir clie s eve more of e co clude ra sac io s i «priva e-room» ( he closed rooms) he cha s-cha els pro ec ed from a ex ra eous sigh by hardware-sof ware mea s. o race similar ra sac io s i is almos impossible. I er e -drugs ores give ou psychoac ive prepara io s wi hou he recipe. A d, a las , he Du ch a d Ca adia compa ies hrough I er e rade worldwide i ca abis seeds, grassy ecs asy, a d ephedri e. Use of he powerful compu er ech iques co ec ed o he i er a io al ba k elec ro ic e work, promo es dis ribu io i er a io ally process of legalisa io of crimi al i comes. Eve more of e drug dealers «lau der mo ey» hrough I er e -ba ks. As he i er a io al marke of drugs covers all regio s of he world a d almos each a io , he mo ey-lau deri g, received as a resul of drug raffic, also has go ra s a io al charac er. O ly wi hi he Russia Federa io &quo ;is washed&quo ; from 2 o 7 billio dollars of mo ey from drugs, hese mea s he ac ually free move abroad. U der he s a eme of officials of Si gapore, wi h 1999 o 2002 drug dealers i is spe hrough Si gapore abou 100 millio dollars which we hrough u dergrou d ba k o Bahrai a d fur her i o accou s of he World Ba k.
Such legislation would give tax incentives to companies to give more workers more options earlier and penalize companies that do not. Part of making workers more mobile is creating more ways to make more workers owners of financial assets, not just their own labor. “We want a public that sees itself as stakeholders, sharing in the capital-creating side of the flat world, not just competing in global labor markets/' argued Marshall. ”We all have to be owners as well as wage earners. That is where public policy has to be focused-to make sure that people have wealth-producing assets as they enter the twenty-first century, the way homeownership accomplished that in the twentieth century.“ Why? Because there is an increasing body of literature that says people who are stakeholders, people who have a slice of the pie, “are more deeply invested in our system of democratic capitalism and the policies that keep it dynamic,” said Marshall. It is another way, besides home-ownership, to underpin the legitimacy of democratic capitalism
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