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Міністерство науки і освіти України Патентно - комп’ютерний коледж Реферат «Англомовні країни» «E glish speaki g cou ries» Ca ada Робота студента І-го факультету розробки ПЗ Колєсніка Євгенія В. Науковий керівник- викладач Василенко Л.М. Харків, 2010 рік. План реферату Вступ. I roduc io . Географічне положення. Geography. Гографічні області. Giographical Regio s. Клімат в погода. Clima e a d Wea her. Природа. a ure. Центральні провінції Квебек. Ce ral Provi ces Quebec. Центральні провінції Онтаріо. Ce ral Provi ces O ario. Провінція, розташована в преріях Манітоба. Prairie Provi ces Ma i oba Провінція, розташована в преріях Саскачеван. Prairie Provi ces Saska chewa . Провінція, розташована в преріях Альберта. Prairie Provi ces Alber a. Pre – Colo ial Ca ada I is believed ha Aborigi al peoples arrived from Asia housa ds of years ago by way of a la d bridge be wee Siberia a d Alaska. Some of hem se led i Ca ada while o hers chose o co i ue o he sou h. Whe he Europea explorers arrived, Caa ada was popula ed by a diverse ra ge of Aborigi al peoples who, depe di g o he e viro me , lived omadic or se led lifes yles, were hu ers, fisherme or farmers. Firs co ac s be wee he a ive peoples a d Europea s probably occurred abou 1000 years ago whe he Icela dic orseme se led for a brief ime o he isla d of ewfou dla d. Bu i would be a o her 600 years before Europea explora io bega i ear es . he ame “Ca ada” is believed o have origi a ed wi h i s firs i habi a s, si ce he a ives used he world “ka a a” o describe a se leme . he erm is hough o have bee picked up by Europea discoverers, who cha ged i o i s prese spelli g. GEOGRAPHY From Sea o Sea a d Far her o he or h Ca adia s, of whom here are more a 30 millio , become accus omed o he dispropor io al size of he cou ry by he ime hey have s udied i s geography a school. ewcomers o Ca ada – if hey k ow o hi g else abou i – k ow ha i is capacious. Bu mos ca o help bu be impressed wi h eve he mos basik s a is ics o our pla e `s seco d bigges a io , which is exceeded i area o ly by Russia. Occupyi g over 9,976,000 square kilome res, Ca ada ex e ds from he or hwes erri ories` Cape Columbia o Ellesmere Isla d – a rela ive hop a d skip from he or h Pole – o Pelee Isla d i O ario`s por io of Lake Erie – a d wi h he same la i ude as ce ral Spai . Ca ada`s eighbour across he Arc ic Ocea is Russia. ha is a or h-sou h dis a ce of 2,850 miles. he eas o wes spa is 5,780 miles – from Cape Spear, ewfou dla d, o Mou S . Elias, he Yuko erri ory – six dis i c ime zo es. Ca ada`s border wi h he U i ed S a es is o e of he lo ges : i ex e ds 8,892 km a d is broke by scores of e ry-exi poi s be wee he wo a io s. I is ear his fro ier ha some 85 per ce of he Ca ada`s populace is clus ered. I be wee hese poi s here are hir ee pri cipal subdivisio s – e provi ces a d hree erri iries ha embrace mos of he vas or h, accou i g for 38 per ce of Ca ada`s area a d a i fi i esimal frac io of i s popula io (abou 0,3 per ce ). Wa er Expa se a d Wa er Ways hree grea ocea s – he A la ic, he Pacific a d he Arc ic, wash Ca ada`s shores.
I has es ima ed ha Ca ada has 1/7 of he world fresh wa er. All bu o e of he Grea Lakes (Michiga ) are par ially Ca adia . E ormous Hudso Bay is exlusively Ca adia , as here are rich massive bu rela ively li le k ow i la d seas as he Grea Bear Lake (31,326 sq km), he Grea Slave Lake – jus a bi smaller – a d Lake Wi i peg, which is bigger ha Lake O ario. I is hrough Ca ada ha he S . Lawre ce Seaway flows some 3,058 km – maki g possible big-scale shippi g from A la ic por s all he way o harbours o he Grea Lakes, i he hear of he co i e . Ca ada`s lo ges river, he Macke zie, which flows 4,241 kilome res, drai s i o he Arc ic Ocea ; he Columbia a d he Fraser rivers flow i o he Pacific; he elso a d he Churchill co ec wi h Hudso Bay; he Yuko drai s i o he Beri g Sea; a d he Saska chewa emp ies i o Lake Wi i peg. Geographical Regio s Geographically here are seve pri cipal Ca adia regio s. he Appalachia s, i he eas , akes i rela ively small A la ic provi ces a d a por io of sou h-eas er Quebek; his is a la d of lovely hills a d ge le plai s, much of i is devo ed o farmi g a d fores ry. he S . Lawre ce Lowla ds, be wee he S . Lawre ce River a d he Grea Lakes, is a fer ile area of dairy farms, frui orchards, a d obacco pla a io s, rich i i dus ry, which is made possible by ex e sive a d i expe sive hydroelec ric power. he Ca adia Shield is he cou ry`s larges geographic u i – coveri g almos half of Ca ada. his horseshoe shaped area of a cie errai is a mass of rocks, of ma y lakes a d of e dless swampla ds. I is sparsely popula ed bu exceedi gly rich o o ly i imber bu i ickel, gold, pla i um, cobal , ura ium, silver, copper, a d iro ore. S ill o her riches come from he I erior Plai s, which sweep across Prairie provi ces or h hrough he Macke zie River Valley, o he Arc ic Coas . he sou her par of he Plai s is as fla as a pa cake, bu fer ile a d co s i u es Ca ada`s mag ifice whea la ds. I rece decades hey have yielded, besides he golde whea , liquid gold – oil from be ea h he surface, a d a ural gas as well. hey are bordered o he or h by hick fores la ds. o he Wes of he Plai s lies he Ca adia Cordillera. his is he regio of Wes er Alber a, Bri ish Columbia a d he Yuko , which comprise he glorious Ca adia Rockies as well as he Macke zie a d he S iki e Mou ai s a d he peaks of S . Elias a d he Coas Ra ges. I is i his area ha o e fi ds Mou Loga , i he Yuko – Ca ada`s highes peak climbi g some 19,850 fee skywards. o he e ire regio is mou ai ous, hough. he i erior of Bri ish Columbia is a la d of pla eaus a d valleys prosperous wi h orchards a d ca le ra ches. he Pacific Coas ba hed by warm, mois Pacific air curre s, he Bri ish Columbia coas , i de ed by deep fjords a d shielded from Pacific s orms by Va couver Isla d, has he mos modera e clima e of Ca ada`s regio s. Va couver Isla d`s Wes Coas receives a excep io al amou of rai , givi g i a empera e rai fores clima e. Al hough i does o co ai he diversi y of species of a ropical rai fores , he isla d`s wes coas does have he oldes a d alles rees i Ca ada: wes er red cedars 1.300 years old a d Douglas firs 90 me res high.
he Arc ic or h of he ree-li e is a la d of harsh beau y. Duri g he shor summer, whe dayligh is early co i uous a d a profusio of flowers blooms i he u dra, he empera ure ca reach 30 C. Ye he wi ers are lo g, bi erly cold a d dark. or h of he mai la d is a maze of isla ds separa ed by co volu ed s rai s a d sou ds, he mos famous of which li k oge her o form he fabled or hwes Passage, he rou e o he Orie sough by so ma y early explorers. Clima e a d Wea her here are ma y clima ic varia io s i his huge cou ry, ra gi g from he perma e ly froze icecaps or h of he 70 h parallel o he luxuria vege a io of he Bri ish Columbia`s Wes Coas . Ca ada`s mos populous regio s, which lie i he cou ry`s sou h alo g he U.S. border, e joy four dis i c seaso s. Here day ime summer empera ures ca rise o 35C a d higher, while lows of – 25 C are o u commo i wi er. More modera e empera ures are orm i spri g a d fall. he seaso s dic a e he look of he la d: accordi g o whe her he a ural e viro me is i a s a e of dorma cy or grow h, Ca adia s may go alpi e skii g or wa er skii g. While seaso al cha ge sig als fluc ua io s i empera ure a d he umber of hours of su shi e, he shif i g posi io of air masses also plays a par . he usual air flow from wes o eas is disrup ed i wi er whe cold, dry air moves dow from he Arc ic a d i summer whe warm, ropical air moves up from he sou h-eas . Added o hese fac ors are he effec of mou ai ra ges, plai s a d large bodies of wa er. Fores s S re chi g over early half of Ca ada`s la d area are de se fores s of spruce a d hemlock, pi e, cedar, birch, maple, ash, elm a d fir. O ce a obs acle o se leme , ow he fores s are a chief source of Ca ada`s weal h. he i dus ries based o fores produc s employ hu dreds of housa ds of me a d wome . housa ds of sawmills are i use. he produc io of pulp a d i s co versio o ewspri is he leadi g si gle i dus ry. Fores s provide lumber for a growi g cou ry`s homes a d schools a d fac ories, railway ies, poles a d fe ce pos s for i s spreadi g se leme . hey supply he fur i ure fac ories a d publishi g houses. A resource bo h valuable a d beau iful, he fores s are pro ec ed a d cherished by people a d he s a e. Wildlife I he Arc ic zo e he polar bear, he musk-ox, he caribou, he Arc ic fox, he lemmi g are s ill i abu da ce. o he Sou h i he area s re chi g from Alaska o he Gulf of S . Lawre ce is he home of he woodla d caribou a d a few dis i c ive species of birds. I he Ca adia zo e, correspo di g i he mai wi h he co iferous-fores bel , are fou d early all he species of mammals a d birds ha are recog ized as dis i c ively Ca adia . hese i clude he moose, he Ca ada ly x, he beaver a d he Ca ada jay. I he agricul ural areas of he Prairie Provi ces a d mos of he sou her O ario varie ies of birds overlap. ypical summer birds are he bluebird, he Bal imore oriole a d he ca bird, he prairie chicke a d he sharp- ailed grouse. ypical mammals are he grey a d red squirrels, he mi k a d he sku k. Cer ai mammals are peculiar o he prairies: he pro ghor a elope, he jack rabbi a d he grou d squirrels or gophers.
Test results are valid for two years. * Applicants from U.S. possessions and territories are considered out of country. Interpreters (for non-English-speaking and hearing-impaired applicants) An approved foreign language interpreter is: * A full-time faculty member of a college or university in the United States , who displays a current identification card issued by that college or university * A priest, minister, rabbi or other religious leader of a recognized organization, who displays credentials showing his/her association in such an organization * An individual with an interpreter identification card issued by the U.S. Department of State, Office of Language Services An approved hearing-impaired interpreter is: * An interpreter certified by the National Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf and listed with the New Jersey Division of the Deaf * An interpreter who has been evaluated by the Division of the Deaf and is on the approved list of professional interpreters The MVC will pay the interpreter fees for hearing-impaired applicants
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