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The Concept of Youth Subcultures |
he word 'cul ure' sugges s ha here is a separa e e i y wi hi he larger socie y wi h which he larger socie y mus co e d. A subcul ure group is a social-cul ural forma io ha exis s as a sor of isla d or e clave wi hi he larger socie y. O e defi i io of subcul ure is: "subcul ures are mea i g sys ems, modes of expressio or life s yles developed by groups i subordi a e s ruc ural posi io s i respo se o domi a mea i g sys ems, a d which reflec heir a emp o solve s ruc ural co radic io s risi g from he wider socie al co ex " (Michael Brake). For Brake membership of a subcul ure ecessarily i volves membership of a class cul ure a d he subcul ure may be a ex e sio of, or i opposi io o, he class cul ure. he sig ifica ce of subcul ures for heir par icipa s is ha hey offer a solu io o s ruc ural disloca io s hrough he es ablishme of a achieved ide i y - he selec io of cer ai eleme s of s yle ou side of hose associa ed wi h he ascribed ide i y offered by work, home, or school. He sugges s ha he majori y of you h pass hrough life wi hou sig ifica i volveme i devia subcul ures. He says ha he role of you h cul ure i volves offeri g symbolic eleme s ha are used by you h o co s ruc a ide i y ou side he res rai s of class a d educa io . S eji a Michailova, i Explori g Subcul ural Specifici y i Socialis a d Pos socialis Orga isa io s, prese s he followi g defi i io s of subcul ure: (1) Subcul ures are dis i c clus ers of u ders a di gs, behaviors, a d cul ural forms ha ide ify groups of people i he orga iza io . hey differ o iceably from he commo orga iza io al cul ure i which hey are embedded, ei her i e sifyi g i s u ders a di gs a d prac ices or devia i g from hem" ( rice a d Beyer). (2) Subcul ure are a ".compromise solu io be wee wo co radic ory eeds: he eed o crea e a d express au o omy a d differe ce a d he eed o mai ai ide ifica io s o he cul ure wi hi whose bou daries he subcul ure develops" (Cohe )." S eji a adds: "Subcul ures posses heir ow mea i gs, heir ow way of copi g wi h rules, accep ed o be valid for he orga iza io , heir ow values s ruc ured i specific hierarchies, hey develop heir ow ca egorical la guage for classifyi g eve s arou d hem, hey crea e heir ow symbolic order." A key eleme i subcul ures is shared ess - he shari g of a commo se of perspec ives. he commo eleme s of a subcul ure i clude: (1) rela ively u ique values a d orms, (2) a special sla g o shared wi h socie y, (3) separa e cha els of commu ica io , (4) u ique s yles a d fads, (5) a se se of primary group belo gi g see i he use of 'us' a d ' hem', (6) a hierarchy of social pa er s ha clarify he cri eria for pres ige a d leadership, (7) recep ivi y o he charisma of leaders a d (8) gra ifica io of special u me eeds. o sugges ha here is a you h subcul ure requires proof ha hey are a dis i c group wi h heir ow se of charac eris ic. his is rue i erms of (1) aes he ics: you h have a dis i c s yle a d as e ha is expressed i heir perso al appeara ce a d a ar is ic flair expressed i spo a ei y a d crea ivi y. heir values i clude a emphasis o commu i y, a se se of belo gi g a d o collec ively shared ecs asy.
You h cul ure also exis s as show i heir dis i c (2) morali y: here is a s ro g emphasis o libera io from all res rai s a d o a guil less pursui of pleasure. I he area of sexuali y we fi d a aspec of life where he i dividual is o experie ce hemselves a d o hers wi h comple e freedom a d ho es y. here is a combi a io of bo h i dividualism (you h cul ure affirms he au o omy of each i dividual who has he 'righ ' o do heir ow hi g) a d collec ivism (ma y i dividuals are fused i o a commo experie ce). he search for ide i y is a he core.
Tony tried to conjure up a burning hatred for his mother, but in spite of his thoughts, he couldn't seem to make himself loathe her the way he had done after she'd deserted he and his father, after his dad had died in that auto crash. He kept remembering the pain and suffering that had been mirrored on her face when he'd first seen her yesterday afternoon, the beseeching way she'd looked at him, and how his heart had gone out to her and then he kept seeing her with her legs locked high up around Uncle Ken's back, pumping her open pussy up at him, urging him to fuck her harder so that she could cum. The two images were totally alien to one another, and because they were Tony couldn't hate his mother with any kind of consuming passion. He couldn't hate his uncle, either, for Ken Clark had been kind to him, gentle and kind over the years, and the sight of him lewdly driving his cock into Tony's mother's widely splayed vagina was another alien concept that confused the teenage youth. Well, his uncle was a man after all, just as Tony was, and he had been blinded probably by Bette's beauty, for she was undeniably a lovely woman Tony could remember how her naked body had looked there in the firelight, her perfectly formed hips and legs, her large, ruby-nippled breasts, the thin, wet little cuntal slit nestled beneath her softly curling triangle of blonde pubic hair
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