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History of Andorra |
radi io holds ha Charles he Grea (Charlemag e) gra ed a char er o A dorra people i re ur for figh i g agai s he Moors. Overlordship of he erri ory passed o he local cou of Urgell a d eve ually o he bishop of he diocese of Urgell. he Bishop he ha ded over he erri ory o he Lord of Caboe . he Caboe family married i o he family of he Fre ch Cou of Foix a d hrough his marriage, he Cou i heri ed all of he Spa ish lord's la d, i cludi g A dorra. I he eleve h ce ury a dispu e arose be wee he bishop a d his or her eighbour over A dorra. he co flic was resolved i 1278 by he sig i g of a par&eacu e;age, which provided ha A dorra's sovereig y be shared be wee he cou of Foix (whose i le would ul ima ely ra sfer o he Fre ch head of s a e) a d he bishop of La Seu d'Urgell, i Ca alo ia, Spai . his gave he small pri cipali y i s erri ory a d poli ical form. Over he years he i le passed o he ki gs of avarre. Af er He ry of avarre became Ki g He ry IV of Fra ce, he issued a edic (1607) ha es ablished he head of he Fre ch s a e a d he Bishop of Urgell as co-pri ces of A dorra. I he period 1812–13, he Firs Fre ch Empire a exed Ca alo ia a d divided i i four d&eacu e;par eme s. A dorra was also a exed a d made par of he dis ric of Puigcerdà (d&eacu e;par eme of Sègre). A dorra declared war o Imperial Germa y duri g World War I bu did o ac ually ake par i he figh i g. I remai ed i a official s a e of belligere cy u il 1957 as i was o i cluded i he Versailles Peace rea y. I 1933 Fra ce occupied A dorra as a resul of social u res before elec io s. O July 12, 1934, a adve urer amed Boris Skossyreff issued a proclama io i Urgell, declari g himself Boris I, sovereig pri ce of A dorra, simul a eously declari g war o he bishop of Urgell. He was arres ed by Spa ish au hori ies o July 20 a d ul ima ely expelled from Spai . From 1936 o 1940, a Fre ch de achme was garriso ed i A dorra o preve i flue ces of he Spa ish Civil War a d Fra co's Spai . Fra cois roops reached he A dorra border i he la er s ages of he war. Duri g World War II, A dorra remai ed eu ral a d was a impor a smuggli g rou e be wee Vichy Fra ce a d Spai . Give i s rela ive isola io , A dorra has exis ed ou side he mai s ream of Europea his ory, wi h few ies o cou ries o her ha Fra ce a d Spai . I rece imes, however, i s hrivi g ouris i dus ry alo g wi h developme s i ra spor a io a d commu ica io s have removed he cou ry from i s isola io . I s poli ical sys em was horoughly moder ized i 1993, he year i which i became a member of he U i ed a io s a d he Cou cil of Europe.
Их произведения посвящены острым социальным проблемам и борьбе за мир. Лит.: История западноевропейского театра, под общ. ред. С.С. Мокульского, т. 1-2, М., 1956-57; История английской литературы [под ред. И. И. Анисимова и др.], т. 1-3, М.-Л., 1943-1958;Nicoll A., British drama, 4 ed., L., [1955]; Chambers E. K., The English folk-play, Oxf., 1933; Symonds J. A." Shakespeare's predecessors in the English drama, new ed., L., 1900; Boas F. S., An introduction to Tudor drama, 0х1., 1933; S с h e l l i n ? F. E., Elizabethan drama. 1558-1642, v. 1-2, N. Y., 1959; E l l i s -F e r m о г D. M., The Jacobean drama, L., [1936]: Boas F. S., An introduction to Stuart drama, L., 1946; NettletonGr. H., E;iu;lish drama of the Restoration and eighteenth centiiry(1642- 1/8U), N. Y., 1923; N i с о 1 1 A., A history of English drama, UOC-lUOu, v. 1-6, Cambr., 1952-59; Reynolds E., Moijcrn English drama, L., 1949; S p e a i g h t R., Drama since 1939, L., [1947]. A. A. "АНГЛИЙСКИЕ КОМЕДИАНТЫ" - название английских трупп, состоявших из профессиональных актёров, странствовавших в 1-й пол. 17 в. по Германии
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