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Customs and Traditions in Britain |
Some Bri ish cus oms a d radi io s are famousall over he world a d a lo of hem have very lo g his ories. Firs I will ellyou abou Bri ish cus oms duri g he year. I Ja uary, here is a fes ival, calledUp-Helly-Aa.I he i h ce ury, me from orway came o he She la ds. he She la ds areisla ds ear Sco la d. hese me were heViki gs. hey came o Bri ai i shipsa d carried away a imals, gold, a d some imes wome a d childre , oo. ow, 1000 years la er, people i he She la ds remember he Viki gs wi h a fes ival. hey call he fes ival "Up-Helly-Aa". Every wi er he people of Lerwick, hisis a ow i he She la ds, make a model of a ship. I &acu e;s a Viki g"lo gship", wi h he head of a drago a he fro . he , o Up-Helly-Aa igh i Ja uary, he She la ders dress i Viki g clo hes, carry he ship hrough he ow o he sea a d here hey bur i . hey do his because he Viki gs pu heir dead me i he ship a d bur ed hem. I goes wi hou sayi g ha hereare &acu e; a y me i he moder ships. ow he fes ival is a par y for hepeople of he She la d Isla ds. Like our radi io s here is also i Bri ai S Vale i e&acu e;sDay i February a dApril Fool&acu e;sDay o April1s . I May here is also a radi io wi h a lo ghis ory. May 1s was a impor a day i he Middle Ages. I he veryearly mor i g, you g girls we o he fields a d washed heir faces wi h dew. hey belived his made hemvery beau iful for a year af er ha . Also o MayDay he you g me of each village ried owi prizes wi h heir bows a d arrows, a d people da ced arou d he maypole.Ma y E glish villages s ill have a maypole, a d o May 1s , hevillagers da ce rou d i . Midsummer&acu e;sDay is o Ju e 24 h. his is he lo ges day of he year. O ha day you ca see a very old cus om a S o ehe ge i Wil shire. S o ehe ge is o e of Europe&acu e;s bigges s o ecircles, a lo of he s o es are e or welve me res high. I &acu e;s also veryold, he earlies par of S o ehe ge is early 5 000 years old. he Druids, heywere he pries s i Bri ai 2 000 years ago, used i for a cale dar. hey used he su a d he s o es a S o ehe ge o k ow he s ar of mo hs a d seaso s. here are Druids i Bri ai oday, oo a d every Ju e 24 h a lo of hem go o S o ehe ge, because o ha mor i g he su shi es o o e famouss o e- he Heel s o e. For he druids his is a very impor a mome i heyear. I Oc ober is Hallowee . Hallowee is a oldword for "Hallows Eve i g", he igh bevor "All Sai s&acu e; Day". O ha o e igh of he year, ghos s a d wi ches are free. A lo g ime ago people wereafraid a d s ayed a home o Hallowe&acu e;e . Bu ow i Bri ai i &acu e;s a ime for fu . here are always a lo of par ies o Oc ober 31s . A hese par ies people wear masks a d hey dress as ghos s a d wi ches, or asDracula or Fra ke s ei &acu e;s mo s er. A d some peoples make special Hallowee lamps from pumpki s. ovember 5 h isGuy Fawkes&acu e;Day i Bri ai . All over he cou rypeople build wood fires or "bo efires", i heir garde s. O op of each bo fireis a guy. ha &acu e;s a figure of Guy Fawkes. People make guys wi h s raw, oldclo hes a d ewspapers. he Bri ish remember Guy Fawkes o ovember5 h, because o his day i he year 1605, he ried o kill Ki gJames I.
He a d a group of frie ds pu a bomb u der he Houses of Parliame i Lo do . Bu he Ki g&acu e;s me fou d he bomb a d fou d Guy Fawkes, oo. hey ook him o he ower of Lo do a d here he Ki g&acu e;s me cu off hishead. I December here are lo s of Chris mas a d ewYear radi io si Bri ai . Before Chris mas, groups of si gers go fromhouse o house. hey collec mo ey a d si g radi io al Chris mas so gs orcarols. here are a lo of very popular Bri ishChris masCarols. hree famous o es are: "Good Ki gWe ceslas", " he Holly a d he Ivy" a d "We hree Ki gs". O Chris masEve ha &acu e;s o December24 h, Bri ish childre do &acu e; ope heir prese s. Fa herChris mas bri gs heir prese s i he igh a d he hey ope hem o hemor i g of he 25 h. I Bri ai he mos impor a meal o December25 h is Chris mas di er. early all Chris mas food is radi io al,bu a lo of he radi io sare o very old. For example, here were o urkeysi Bri ai before 1800. A d eve i he i e ee h ce ury, goose was he radi io al mea a Chris mas, bu o ow. A we ie h- ce ury Bri ishChris mas di er is roas urkey wi h carro s, po a oes, peas, Brussels sprou sa d gravy, bu here are sausages a d baco , oo. he , af er he urkey, hereis Chris mas puddi g. Crackers are also usual a Chris mas di er. hese came oBri ai from Chi a i he i e ee h ce ury. wo people pull a cracker a dusually here&acu e;s a small oy i he middle a d of e here&acu e;s a joke o a piece of paper, oo. December 26 h isBoxi gDay. radi io ally boys from he shops i each ow asked for mo ey a Chris mas. hey we from house o house o December 26 h a d ook boxes made of wood wi h hem. A each housepeople gave hem mo ey a d his was heir Chris mas prese . So he ame ofDecember 26 h does &acu e; come frome he spor of boxi g, i comesfrom he boys&acu e; woode boxes. ow, Boxi g Day is a ex ra holiday af erChris mas Day. I Sco la d here is a radi io , calledFirs Foo i g. he ame for ew Year&acu e;s Evei Sco la d isHogma ay. Af er mid igh people visi heir frie ds a d hey akea piece of coal as a prese , because radi io ally he firs visi or of heyear mus carry coal i o he house. his is firs foo i g a d i bri gs goodluck. I also helps o make fire i he middle of wi er. I Bri ai here are ma y Royal radi io s. For example he roopi g of hecolour: he Quee is he o ly perso i Bri ai wi h wobir hdays. Her real bir hday is o April 21s , bu she has a "official" bir hday o he seco d Sa urday i Ju e, oo. A d o he Quee &acu e;sofficial bir hday, here is a radi io al ceremo y called he roopi g of heColour. I &acu e;s a big parade wi h brass ba ds a d hu dreds of soldiers a Horse Guards&acu e; Parade i Lo do . A "regime " of he Quee &acu e;s soldiers, he Guards, march i fro of her a d a he fro of he parade is heregime &acu e;s яag or "colour", which he guards are roopi g. housa ds ofLo do ers a d visi ors wa ch i Horse Guards&acu e; Parade a d millio s of peoplea home wa ch i o elevisio . he cha gi g of heguard is a a o her royal radi io : his happe s every day a Bucki gham Palace, heQuee &acu e;s home i Lo do . Soldiers s a d i fro of he palace. Each mor i g hese soldiers ( he "guard") cha ge.
O e group leaves a d a o her arrives. I summer a d wi er ouris s s a d ou side he palace a 11.30 every mor i g a dwa ch he Cha gi g of he Guard. Mau dyMo ey: Mau dy hursday is he day before Good Friday,a Eas er. O ha day he Quee gives Mau dy mo ey o a group of old people. his radi io is over 1,000 years old. A o e ime he ki g or quee washed hefee of poor, old people o Mau dy hursday, bu ha s opped i 1754. Swa Uppi g: Here&acu e;s a very differe royal radi io . O he River hames hereare hu dred&acu e;s of swa s a d a lo of hese beau ifulwhi e birds belo g, radi io ally, o he ki g of quee . I July he you g swa so he hames are abou wo mo hs old. he he Quee &acu e;s swa keeper goes,i a boa , from Lo do Bridge o He ley. He looks a all he you g swa s a dmarks he royal o es. he ame of his s ra ge bu i eres i g cus om is Swa Uppi g. he Quee &acu e;s elegramm: his cus om is o very old, bu i &acu e;s forvery old people. O his or her o e hu dre h bir hday, a Bri ish perso ge s a elegram from he Quee . he Bir hday Ho ours lis a d he ew year&acu e;s ho ours lis : wice a year a Bucki gham Palace, he Quee gives i les or "ho ours", o ce i Ja uary a d o ce i Ju e. here are a lo ofdiffere ho ours. Here are a few: C.B.E. - Compa io of he Bri ishEmpire O.B.E. - Order of he Bri ishEmpire M.B.E. - Member of he Bri ishEmpire hese ho ours bega i he i e ee h ce ury,because he Bri ai had a empire. K igh hood - a k igh has "Sir" before his ame.A ew k igh k eels i fro of he Quee . She ouches firs his righ shoulder, he his lef shoulder wi h a sword. he she says "Arise, Sir.a d his firs ame, a d he k igh s a ds. Peerage - a peer is a lord. Peers si i heHouse of Lords, which is o e par of he Houses of Parliame . he o her par is he House of Commo s. Dame/Baro ess - hese are wo of he highes ho ours for a woma . he S a e ope i g ofParliame : he parliame , o he Royal Familiy, co rolsmoder Bri ai . Bu radi io ally he Quee ope s Parliame every au um . She ravels from Bucki ghamPalace o he Houses of Parliame i a gold carriage - he Irish S a e Coach. A he Houses of Parliame he Quee si s o a " hro e" i he House of Lords. he she reads he "Quee &acu e;sSpeech". A he S a e Ope i g of Parliame he Quee wears a crow a d shewears o her jewels from he Crow Jewels, oo. he Order of he Gar erCeremo y: he order of he Gar er ceremo y has a lo ghis ory. Ki g Edward III s ar ed he Order i he four ee h ce ury. A ha ime, he people i he Order were he we y-four braves k igh s i E gla d. ow he k igh s of he Order are &acu e; all soldiers. hey&acu e;re members of he House of Lords, church leaders or poli ica s a d here are some foreig k igh s, oo. For example, he Ki g of orway, he Gra d Duke of Luxembourg a d he Emperor of Japa . hey&acu e;re called Ex ra K igh s of he Gar er. he Quee is he Sovereig of he Order of he Gar er. Bu she is &acu e; he o ly royalperso i he Order.Pri ce Charles a d Pri ce Philip are Royal K igh s, a d heQuee Mo her is a Lady of he Gar er.I Ju e he Order has a rdi io alceremo y a Wi dsor Cas le. his is he Quee &acu e;s favouri e cas le a di &acu e;s also he home of he Order of he Gar er.
In 1989, it published a study on worldwide undersea fiber-optic systems that included some such calculations. Based on reasonable assumptions about the cost of the system, its working lifetime, and the present cost of communications on similar systems, KMI reckoned that if a state-of-the-art cable were laid from the United Kingdom to the Middle East it would pay back its investors in two to five years. Setting aside for a moment the fact that it went against all the traditions of the industry, there was no reason in principle why a privately financed cable could not be constructed to fill this demand. Investors would pool the capital, just as they would for any other kind of business venture. They would buy the cable, pay to have it installed, sell the capacity to local customers, and make money for their shareholders. The study was read by Gulf Associates, a group of New York-based moneyed Iranian expats who are always looking for good investments. Gulf Associates checked out KMI's prefeasibility study to get an idea of what the parameters of such a system would be
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