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The making of the collection |
Al hough visi ed ow by housa ds of people he Museum radi io ally re ai s he old ame of he Hermi age a ached o i i he 1760’s a d mea i g «a hermi ’s dwelli g», or «a soli ary place». he ame is due o he fac ha he Hermi age was fou ded as a palace museum accessible o ly o he eares of he ear o he cour . A umber of objec s of which bu a small par was la er i corpora ed i he museum’s collec io s were acquired i differe cou ries by Pe er I. hese were a ique s a ues Mari e la dscapes, la d a collec io of Siberia a cie gold buckles. However, he fou da io of he Hermi age is usually da ed o he year 1764 whe a collec io of 225 pic ures was bough by Ca heri e II from he Prussia mercha Go zkowsky. A fea ure charac eris ic of he 18 h ce ury accusa io s was he purchase of large groups of pai i gs, some imes of comple e galleries, bough e blok a he sales i Wes er Europe.Cou Bruhl’s collec io acquired i Dresde i 1769, he Gallery of Croza , bough i Paris i 1772 a d he gallery of Lord Walpole acquired i Lo do i 1779 were he mos promi e amo g he acquisi io s made i he 18 h ce ury. oge her wi h umerous purchases of i dividual pic ures, hey supplied he museum wi h mos ou s a di g ca vases of he Europea school ,i cludi g hose by Rembraa d ,Rube s,Va Dyck a d o her emi e ar is s, a d made he Hermi age ra k amo g he fi es ar galleries of Europe. Works , commissio ed by he Russia cour from Europea pai ers also e riched he Pic ure gallery.By 1785 he Museum umbered 2658 pai i gs. Pri s a d drawi gs, cameos, coi s a d medals were likewise represe ed a he Hermi age. he acquisi io of comple e collec io s a d of i dividual works of ar was co i ued i he 19 h ce ury bu o a more modes scale ha duri g he previous period. Amo g he mos o able acquisi io s of he 19 h ce ury were: Ma hew Malmaiso Gallery of he Empress Josephi e bough i 1814; he collec io of he E glish ba ker Coesvel co sis i g mai ly of Spa ish pai i gs, purchased i Ams erdam he same year; as well as he pai i gs from he Barrbarigo Palace i Ve ice which gave he Museum i s bes i ia s. As o he i dividual works of ar , he acquisi io i 1865 of Leo ardo da Vi ce’s «Mado a Li a»from he Duce of Li a collec io a d he purchase of Raphael’s «Virgi a d Child» from he Co es ebi e family i 1870, were impor a la dmarks i he grow h of he reasures of he Hermi age. I 1885 he Hermi age received a impor a collec io of objec s of applied ar of he 12 h – 26 h ce uries, ga hered by Basilevsky; , oge her wi h he Armoury ra sferred from sarskoe Selo, o ably e riched he Museum wi h a ew ype of ma erial he firs decade of he 20 h ce ury wi essed he acquisi io of a mag ifice collec io i cludi g 730 ca vases by he Du ch a d Flemish ar is s, which had bee i he possessio of he emi e Russia scie is Seme ov- ie sha sky. A o her mos impor a acquisi io was Leo ardo da Vi ci’s «Mado a a d Child» purchased i 1914 from he family of he archi ec L.Be ois. he Grea Oc ober Revolu io crea ed highly favourable co di io s for he fur her grow h of he Museum collec io s a d heir sys ema ic s udy. Si ce Oc ober 1917, due o he care ake by Sovie Gover me for he preserva io of ar reasures, he Museum was e riched wi h a grea umber of firs -class works of ar .
Amo g hese were he bes pic ures chose by he Hermi age he a io alised priva e collec io s such as hose formerly ow ed by he Yussupovs, he Shuvalovs, he S roga ovs; pai i gs ra sferred from he imperial palaces; ar reasures, acquired by excha ge from o her museums wi hi he cou ry. he policy of pla ed dis ribu io of ar reasures amo g he museums carried ou by he s a e, e abled he Hermi age o o ly o fill up ma y gaps a d deficie cies by addi g o i s pic ure gallery I alia pai i gs of he 13 h-15 h ce uries, works of he e herla dish school, a d of he Fre ch school of he 19 h a d 20 h ce uries bu o form a museum free from priva e as e , a d made i possible o arra ge he collec io s sys ema ically. he accumula io of ma erials which had o bee represe ed i he museum i he pre-Revolu io ary period ,led o he forma io of ew depar me s: he depar me of he his ory of cul ure a d ar of he primi ive socie y, of he cul ure a d ar of he peoples of he Eas , a d ha of he his ory of Russia cul ure. He imme se grow h of he collec io s made i ecessary o ex e d he exhibi io space his is why he buildi g of he Wi er Palace was placed a he disposal of he Hermi age, he ame « he S a e Hermi age» bei g ow applied o he whole grea museum hus formed.
In addition to his four full-length novels-A Study in Scarlet, The Sign of Four, The Hound of the Baskervilles and The Valley of Fear-Conan Doyle published five collections of short stories featuring his hero. With such a large output, the quality is inevitably sometimes uneven. A number of the stories are frankly incredible, an example being one of the most popular and best known, БЂњThe Speckled Band.БЂ« It is also among the most terrifying. Here we encounter the most evil of HolmesБЂ™s adversaries, Dr. Rylott, who from his first entrance in 221B Baker Street reveals his strength and brutality. As a doctor, he surely had the means to dispose of his step-daughter with expedience and safety, but the method he employed somehow seems a wanton wish on his part to make the investigation as complicated as possible for Holmes, rather than a rational plan to commit a successful murder. There are other inconsistencies in a number of the stories, but I have some sympathy with the judgement of the late novelist and critic Julian Symons that we should not fall into the error of preferring technical perfection to brilliant storytelling, and that if one were choosing the best twenty short detective stories ever written, at least half a dozen would feature Sherlock Holmes
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