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The History of Alaska (история Аляски) |
Горшок торфяной для цветов. 
Браслет светоотражающий, самофиксирующийся, желтый. Mu icipal Educa io al I s i u io Lyceum № 130 “RAVES” Exam paper. he His ory of Alaska. S ude : Pro opopova .S., M-111 eacher: Shipuli a O. . Bar aul, 2005 1. Origi s of Alaska’s Groups . 4 he Eskimos he Aa habasca s Aleu s he or hwes Coas I dia s 2. From he Russia Empire o he USA 7 3. Alaska oday .8 Geography Gover me Busi ess ra spor 4. he mos impor a da es i he his ory of Alaska . 11 he lis of he his ory is o e of he mos i eres i g a d mos impor a scie ces. I i corpora es experie ce of each perso a d all ma ki d. he his ory acquai s us wi h process of developme of a ma ki d. Behi d ac s a d decisio s of separa e people, behi d ac io s of weigh s here is a brigh , ma y-sided a d u ique image of he world, differe co i e s, he cou ries a d people. o u ders a d his ory of he a ive la d, i is ecessary o u ders a d world his ory. I he exam paper I will ell abou his ory of Alaska – his ory, which co ec s wo grea powers - Russia a d he USA. he purpose of he give work is o s udy poli ical a d social life of Alaska, i s daily life, ma erial, spiri ual a d religious cul ure. I will ell abou he reaso s a d co seque ces of his orical eve s of Alaska, I will ci e s a is ical da a. o be prepared of his exam paper I used he educa io al a d scie ific li era ure a d ma erials of periodic pri ed edi io s.1. Origi s of Alaska’s a ive Groups. o o e k ows exac ly whe people firs fou d he la d ha would be called Alaska. Some a hropologis s believe ha people migra ed from Asia o or h America 40,000 years ago. O hers argue i was as rece as 15,000 years ago. Whe ever, he co se sus is ha hey came from Asia by way of a or her la d bridge ha o ce co ec ed Siberia a d Alaska. ha la d bridge, ow recalled as Beri gia, was he firs ga eway o Alaska. Bu hese firs visi ors were hardly ouris s i e o explori g ew worlds. Ra her hey were simply pursui g heir subsis e ce way of life as hey followed grea herds of grazi g mammals across he grassy u dra a d ge le s eppes of Beri gia. Some groups se led i he Arc ic. O hers raversed he mou ai passes o o her par s of Alaska. While s ill o hers migra ed hrough Alaska, co i ui g o o dis a la ds--perhaps as far as Sou h America. hose who made Alaska heir perma e home make up he s a e’s four major a hropological groups: Eskimos, Aleu s, A habasca s, a d or hwes Coas I dia s. While all four groups shared cer ai basic similari ies--all hu ed, fished a d ga hered food-- hey developed dis i c ive cul ures a d se s of skills. he Eskimos: Flexible Reside s of he Arc ic. he Eskimos were primarily a coas al people, se i g alo g he shores of he Arc ic a d Beri g seas. For mille ia hey lived a simple, subsis e ce life--much as hey s ill do oday--by harves i g he fish a d mammals of he seas, he frui s a d game of he la d. Somehow hey lear ed how o hrive despi e he dema di g co di io s of he Arc ic. heir se se of direc io was kee , almos u ca y. ravelli g i a s raigh li e, some imes hrough s ows orms a d whi eou s, hey fou d heir way arou d he mos ly fea ureless errai by o i g wi d direc io , he posi io of he s ars, he shape a d size of a s owdrif .
A d hey were resourceful. I a la d where he summer su s ays a eye-level for weeks o e d, ever se i g below he horizo , he Eskimos fashio ed he firs su -visor--which also doubled as a s ow mask o pro ec heir eyes from he wi d-drive s ow. he A habasca s: omads of he I erior. Like he Eskimos, he A habasca s were skilful hu ers, bu hey depe ded more o large la d mammals for heir subsis e ce-- racki g moose a d migra i g caribou. Whe i came o fishi g, he A habasca s were absolu ely i ge ious, s ari g fish wi h hooks, lures, raps a d e s ha are he fasci a io of moder day a glers who visi heir camps. Ge erally omadic, hey lived i small, simply orga ized ba ds of a few families, a d whe ever possible pi ched heir camps i he shel ered whi e spruce fores s of he I erior. Some adve urous ribes, however, wa dered all he way o he Sou hwes U i ed S a es o become ki o he avajos a d Apaches. Aleu s: Bor of he Sea. For he Aleu s, life ce red o he sea as hey dis ribu ed hemselves amo g he 70-some isla ds i he Aleu ia chai across he or h Pacific. Life here was somewha more be ig ha i he Arc ic, hough wi d s orms were some imes s ro g e ough o blow rocks arou d. Si ce heir food supply was rich, varied a d readily available, he Aleu s had ime o develop a complex cul ure. Evide ce i dica es ha hey prac iced surgery a d ha heir elabora e burial ri uals i cluded embalmi g. I s rume s u e sils, eve heir boa s were made wi h amazi g beau y a d exac symme ry. A d every hi g was fashio ed for a specific purpose-- he Aleu s used 30 differe ki ds of harpoo heads for differe species of game! Skilled aviga ors a d sailors, he Aleu s had he dubious dis i c io of bei g he firs o e cou er he whi e ma .Russia fur raders who ook hem as slaves o harves he fur seals i he Pribilofs. he or hwes Coas I dia s: High Socie y of Alaska’s sou heas . he milder, more empera e clima e a d a u limi ed supply of salmo a d o her seafood’s e abled he or hwes Coas I dia s o evolve a way of life qui e differe from he Eskimos, Aleu s a d A habasca s. hey se led i year-rou d perma e villages, ook slaves a d lived heir lives accordi g o he s ric rules, ri uals, a d regula io s of heir respec ive cla s. heir ar work was o hi g less ha mas erful.beau iful bla ke s, fi ely wove cedar bark a d spruce roo baske s mag ifice o em crea io s. a ives, who make up 15 perce of he s a e's popula io , mai ai ma y radi io s, such as whali g, subsis e ce hu i g a d fishi g, a d old ways of maki g craf s a d ar . a ive heri age his ory a d cul ure ca be fou d i such diverse places as Ke chika , A chorage a d Ko zebue, as well as i hu dreds of villages where people live i radi io al ways. Bu while a ive cul ure, as a whole, may defi e much of Alaska's appeara ce, he s a e co ai s a broad mix ure of cul ures. I A chorage, for example, he school dis ric has fou d ha i s s ude body comes from homes ha speak 83 la guages. A chorage, he s a e's bigges ci y, has ma y Alaska i flue ces bu is also some imes called Los A chorage for i s Lower 48-s yle archi ec ure a d ma erisms. Mos reside s of Alaska were bor ou side he s a e, a d whe hey came o Alaska hey brough heir ow radi io s a d desires.
here are Europea i flue ces as well. Pe ersburg, i he I side Passage, has a s ro g Sca di avia heri age. Cordova a d Valdez bear ames bes owed by a Spa ish explorer; Cook I le is amed for a Bri ish explorer; Russia s lef a legacy of he Or hodox Church i much of he s a e. 2. From he Russia Empire o he U i ed S a es of America. he firs wri e accou s i dica e ha he firs Europea s o reach Alaska came from Russia. Vi us Beri g sailed eas a d saw M . S . Elias. he Russia -America Compa y hu ed o ers for heir fur. he colo y was ever very profi able, because of he cos s of ra spor a io . A he i s iga io of U.S. Secre ary of S a e William Seward, he U i ed S a es Se a e approved he purchase of Alaska from Russia for $7,200,000 o 9 April 1867, a d he U i ed S a es flag was raised o 18 Oc ober of ha same year ( ow called Alaska Day). he firs America gover or of Alaska was Włodzimierz Krzyża owski. he purchase was o popular i he co i e al U i ed S a es, where Alaska became k ow as &quo ;Seward's Folly&quo ; or &quo ;Seward's Icebox&quo ;. Alaska celebra es he purchase each year o he las Mo day of March, calli g i Seward's Day. Preside Dwigh D. Eise hower sig ed he Alaska S a ehood Ac i o U i ed S a es law o 7 July 1958 which paved he way for Alaska's admissio i o he U io . he ame &quo ;Alaska&quo ; is mos likely derived from he Aleu word for &quo ;grea cou ry&quo ; or &quo ;mai la d.&quo ; he a ives called i &quo ;Alyeska&quo ;, mea i g &quo ; he grea la d.&quo ; I is bordered by he Yuko erri ory a d Bri ish Columbia, Ca ada o he eas , he Gulf of Alaska a d he Pacific Ocea o he sou h, he Beri g Sea, Beri g S rai , a d Chukchi Sea o he wes , a d he Beaufor Sea a d he Arc ic Ocea o he or h. I 1976, he people of Alaska ame ded he s a e's co s i u io , es ablishi g he Alaska Perma e Fu d. he fu d i ves s a por io of he s a e's mi eral reve ue, i cludi g reve ue from he ra s-Alaska Pipeli e Sys em, ' o be efi all ge era io s of Alaska s.' I Ju e 2003, he fu d's value was over $24 billio . Over he years various vessels have bee amed USS Alaska, i ho or of he s a e. Duri g World War II ou lyi g par s of Alaska were occupied by Japa ese roops. I was he o ly par of he U i ed S a es o have la d occupied duri g he war. 3. Alaska oday.Geography. Alaska is he o ly s a e ha is bo h i or h America a d o par of he 48 co iguous s a es. Alaska is he larges s a e i he U i ed S a es i erms of la d area, 570,374 square miles (1,477,261 kmІ). If you superimposed a map of Alaska o he Lower 48 s a es, Alaska would s re ch from Mi eso a o exas a d from Georgia o Califor ia. O e scheme for describi g he s a e's geography is by labeli g he regio s: •Sou h Ce ral Alaska is he sou her coas al regio wi h ow s, ci ies, a d pe roleum i dus rial pla s; • he Alaska Pa ha dle, also k ow as Sou heas Alaska, is home o ow s, idewa er glaciers a d ex e sive fores s; • he Alaska I erior has big rivers, such as he Yuko River a d he Kuskokwim River, as well as Arc ic u dra la ds a d shoreli es; a d • he Alaska Bush is he remo e, u crow ed par of he s a e. Alaska, wi h i s umerous isla ds, has early 34,000 miles (54,700 km) of idal shoreli e.
Они реализуются даже проще, чем сама строка меню. Как и в примерах предыдущей главы, раскрывающиеся меню основаны на использовании свободно позиционируемых таблиц (хотя это можно сделать на основе любого свободно позиционируемого элемента, например DIV, причем внешний вид такого меню будет ничуть не хуже). Каждая строка таблицы представляет собой отдельный пункт меню. Ниже приводится HTMLкод, добавляемый сценарием для создания раскрывающегося меню Информация (это меню самое маленькое и поэтому его реализацию удобнее изучать) (пример 14.5). Пример 14.5. Таблица, соответствующая меню Информация <TABLE id = «general» class = «hidden»> <TR id = "general_history" class = "item" onMouseOver = "general_history.className = 'selected'" onMouseOut = "general_history.className = 'item'"> <TD><A href = "history.html">История</A></TD> </TR> <TR id = "general_values" class = "item" onMouseOver = "general_values.className = 'selected'" onMouseOut = "general_values.className = 'item'"> <TD><A href = "values.html">Пищевая ценность яблок</A></TD> </TR> <TR id = "general_collectsave" class = "item" onMouseOver = "general_collectsave.className = 'selected'" onMouseOut = "general_collectsave.className = 'item'"> <TD><A href = "collectsave.html">Сбор и хранение яблок</A></TD> </TR> </TABLE> При просмотре текста примера 14.5 можно увидеть, что текст пунктов меню, как и текст пунктов строки меню, заключен в теги <A> и </A>
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Совок №5. 
