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Stylistic potential of tense-aspect verbal forms in modern English |
Mi is ry of Educa io a d Scie ce of Ukrai e G.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv a io al Pedagogical U iversi y I s i u e of Pos gradua e Educa io Depar me of E glish Philology S YLIS IC PO E IAL OF E SE-ASPEC VERBAL FORMS I MODER E GLISH Co e I roduc io 1. heore ical backgrou d of he research of s ylis ic po e ial of e se-aspec verbal forms 1.1 Perspec ive of he research 1.2 he a alysis of he s ylis ic po e ial of e se-aspec verbal forms i moder E glish by foreig li guis s 1.3 he a alysis of he s ylis ic po e ial of e se-aspec verbal forms i moder E glish by home li guis s 2. he a alysis of s ylis ic po e ial of e se-aspec verbal forms i moder E glish 2.1 he ypes of ra sposi io s of verbal forms as s ylis ic mea s i he ca egory of e se 2.2 he ypes of ra sposi io s of verbal forms as s ylis ic mea s i he ca egory of aspec 3. Me hodological recomme da io s for eachi g of e se-aspec verbal forms i E glish la guage usi g heir s ylis ic po e ial Co clusio Li era ure I roduc io More a d more li guis s a d specialis s i s udy of li era ure a rac heir a e io o problems of S ylis ics a d S ylis ics i self is divided i o some special discipli es which e d o differe ia e. Bu a he same ime as well as i a y o her scie ce we ca observe he i egra io of he processes ha is he i e sifica io of differe par s of k owledge a d appeara ce of ew moder sy he ic sec io s. ew problems have bee i volved i he sphere of s ylis ic researches, a lo of da a a d programs have bee s udied a d ew aspec s of la guage fac ors a d fea ures have bee discovered. Our i eres i hese poi s is he firs reaso of he appeara ce of our paper. From he poi of our view E glish Grammar is he mos difficul subjec for s udy o o ly for s ude s bu everyo e who wa s o be a professio al philologis . ha why he seco d reaso for wri i g of our paper is he complica io s of he descrip io s of some difficul grammar areas especially «verb-sec io » i he frames of simplici y. he verb as a par y of speech is he mos capacious grammar ca egory. I verbal word wi h all varie y of i s de o a io s, mea i gs a d s ylis ic po e ials here are combi a io s wi h differe grammar forms, orga ic co ec io s a d associa io s wi h e ses a d aspec , which charac erize all verbal sys em i he whole. So he hird reaso of our paper is o a alyze some verbal fac ors a d fea ures o he «brigh er grammar» level wi h aki g i o our co sidera io some i errela io s be wee grammar forms, heir fu c io al co e a d s ylis ic po e ial i co ex s. I will be very impor a o mark ha Ge eral Morphology ( o -s ylis ic) rea s morphemes a d gramma ical mea i gs expressed by hem i la guage i ge eral, wi hou regard o heir s ylis ic value. S ylis ic Morphology, o he co rary, is i eres ed i gramma ical forms a d gramma ical mea i gs i he s ylis ic sphere, explici ly or implici ly compari g hem wi h he eu ral forms commo for all subla guages. he a ure, he esse ce of s ylis ic phe ome a is radically differe i cases where morpheme, word, phrase hemselves are a alyzed as chose ou of he paradigm from he cases whe we ry o explai he effec produced by give pa er s of he combi i g u i s i speech a d ex .
Whe we use he form «are ' » i s ead of «have o or am / is / are o », he se e ce «Joh here?» i s ead of «Is Joh here?», or o e mea i g i s ead of a o her all could also employ. his is wha illus ra es he paradigma ic bra ch of S ylis ics. I he u era ces: I ask you / I pray you / I beseech you – we ca observe he i errela io be wee he mea i gs ha is «pray» is s ro ger ha «ask»; «beseech» is he s ro ges of all hree. hey are he sys ema ic bra ch of S ylis ics. S ylis ic morphology, bo h paradigma ic a d sys ema ic, has o ye bee give full a e io , especially wi h regard o E glish la guage. I is he four h reaso for our paper. hus, i he paper we ur our a e io o he s ylis ic mea i gs associa ed wi h e ses a d aspec havi g already deal wi h heir grammar forms. opicali y of our problem i cludes some poi . he role of some scholars i developme of S ylis ics is very high especially i S ylis ic Grammar bu i he whole, o specifically: Palmer, Hor by, Quirk, Yule, Skreb ev, Block a d o hers. here are o ly a few mo ographs devo ed o S ylis ic Morphology as a specific researches. I our days he i eres i his problem i creases because we ca see some ques io s a d problems which are o s udied e ough, amely: co o a io s of e se-aspec verbal sys em co veyed by verbal forms i differe co ex ual si ua io s i cludi g ra sposi io s a d emo io al expressive ess; lexico-gramma ical ca egories i he peripheral field of aspec a d expa io hem i he ligh of s ylis ic po e ial; idioma ic co s ruc io s wi h differe mea i gs i co ex s; how o use morphological mea s of S ylis ics a d expe d heir s ylis ic po e ial; he deep work wi h e se-aspec verbal forms he mai aim of which is o help s ude s u ders a d co ex s of E glish au hors more i e sive a d i e sive. hese gramma ical problems are very impor a , especially o he pedagogical level i he frames of s ude ’s s udy, a d hey were prese ed by Rayevska .M., Morokhovskiei A. ., Efimov L.P. a d o hers. I ova io . We prese ew ypes of ables, diagrams descrip io s, illus ra ive ma erial o reach he high level of s ude s k owledge a d o elici heir e husias i fur her i ves iga io s. ew examples from he origi al li era ure quo ed from Dicke s, Colli s, Aus e a d o her au hors o o ly co firm he gramma ical i ves me s of ame scholars i solu io of prac ical value of S ylis ic grammar for real semi ar s udies. I our paper we ac ualize he opic problem by showi g ha he ge eral research area-s ylis ic po e ial of E glish verb – is impor a , ce ral, i eres i g, problema ic. e se-aspec verbal form are used o express sub le s ylis ic ua ces a d impre io s i spoke E glish, i dis ribu io s of ligh a d shade of verbal pai s; wi h he purposes o go over from o e s yle o a o her. he why he opic of our paper is de ermi ed as «s ylis ic po e ial of e se-aspec verbal forms i moder E glish». he objec of our s udy is « he e se-Aspec verbal form as ma y aspec ual fac or i heore ical E glish Grammar». he subjec of our s udy is «S ylis ic po e ial of e se-aspec verbal forms i moder E glish». La guage Level: e se-Aspec verbal forms as co s ruc ive grammar mea s for wo ypes of ra sposi io s a d some expressio from he peripheral field i he frames of Spoke E glish.
La guage ma erial: Origi al ex , dic io aries, hesauruses, mo ographs, his ory sources, heore ical grammar ex books by E glish, Ukrai ia a d Russia au hors, some pieces of i forma io from I er e , a lo of ma erial from Foreig Philology Facul y of G.S. Scovoroda Kharkiv a io al Pedagogical U iversi y (lec ures, books, E glish La guage E cyclopedia), ewspapers, jour als. heore ical Value: he ce ral i eres i our paper is co ec ed wi h very specifical bu impor a for real u ders a di g of spoke E glish problems i he frames of heore ical E glish Grammar, co ec ed wi h e se-aspec verbal forms, heir fea ures, co s ruc io s a d behavior i specific e viro me . A alyzi g e se-aspec verbal forms from hese posi io s we have marked co o a ive aspec a d emo io al over o es as impor a sema ic compo e s of spoke E glish ha is s ylis ic po e ial of e se-aspec verbal form. All hese ideas are based o pri ciple which are rela ed by heore ical E glish Grammar o he u iversi y level. Prac ical value: he discussio of he e se-aspec verbal forms a d heir s ylis ic po e ial i moder E glish has bee made co cre e by he use of illus ra ive examples i he prac ical par of our paper, quo a io s from he origi al li era ure, ables, diagrams, compariso wi h Ukrai ia a d Russia . Mai me hods for researchi g of our opic problem: Me hods of scie ific research used i our paper have bee co ec ed wi h he ge eral re ds i he scie ce of la guage, amely: – cri ical a d co ex ological a alysis of some origi al ex s wi h he aim o prese he samples a d he cases of prac ice of s ylis ic po e ial of e se-aspec verbal forms i moder E glish; – he his orical approach ha is re rospec ive exposure of a ive a d world experie ce; – elici i g fac s, samples a d ge eraliza io hem i borders of he posi ive a d real prac ice; – philological observa io s usi g especially wo ypes of ra sposi io s a d pri ciples of he peripheral field so ha o expa d he borders of he radi io al heore ical E glish Grammar a d ob ai some cases o wide s ude s k owledge; I he ligh of our philosophy a d philological observa io s, cri ical a d co ex ological a alysis of some origi al co ex s our resul s were ob ai ed o he edge of some li guis ic scie ces: S ylis ics (Decodi g), Fu c io al Grammar, Sy ax, Fu c io al a d Commu ica ive Li guis ics, heory of I erpre a io of ex , heory of Co ex ual Si ua io a d o her. A he e d our paper, here are some ideas for eachers o help hem of exercises a d ac ivi ies for s ude s. Fur her Readi g Lis has bee give for eachers who wa s o expa d heir la guage skills by he way of addi io al i ves iga io s. 1. heore ical backgrou d of he research of s ylis ic po e ial of e se-aspec verbal forms Perspec ive of he research I eres i our mai problem, how i origi a ed, how i works a d develops, has exis ed i remo e ages. Chro ologically a o ce we pay our special a e io o i dividuals, whose co ribu io o he subjec – S ylis ic Po e ial of e se-Aspec Verbal Forms i Moder E glish – has bee well-k ow . I able 1 ha we have comple ed for s ude s we prese some ames of philologis , i les of heir works, years who bega o research his problem ma y years ago up o ow.
The Semitic languages require different verbal forms for the masculine and the feminine (БЂњyou eatБЂ« would have different forms depending on whether you are female or male), whereas English does not make gender distinctions on verbs. George Steiner concludes from this that БЂњan entire anthropology of sexual equality is implicit in the fact that our verbs, in distinction from those of Semitic tongues, do not indicate the gender of the agent.БЂ« Really? There are some languages that are so sexually enlightened that they make no gender distinctions even on pronouns, so that even БЂњheБЂ« and БЂњsheБЂ« are fused into one unisex plastic synthetic creation. Which languages might these be? Turkish, Indonesian, and Uzbek, to name a few examples-not exactly languages of societies renowned for their anthropology of sexual equality. Of course, no list of such blunders could be complete without George OrwellБЂ™s novel 1984, where the political rulers have such faith in the power of language that they assume political dissent could be entirely eliminated if only all offending words could be expunged from the vocabulary
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