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Traditions and Holidays |
America s widely observe o her holidays which s em from radi io s older ha hose of he U i ed S a es. O e is Eas er, he Chris ia feas of he Resurrec io of Jesus. Eas er always falls o a Su day. For mos America s, i is a day of worship a d a ga heri g of he family. Ma y follow old radi io s such as he dyei g of hard-boiled eggs a d he givi g of gif s of ca dy eggs, rabbi s a d chicks for he childre . Ma y households orga ize Eas er egg hu s, i which childre look for dyed eggs hidde arou d he house or yard or i a park. he Preside of he U i ed S a es eve has a a ual Eas er egg hu o he law of he Whi e House he day af er Eas er, k ow as "Eas er Mo day." he o her holidays s emmi g from old radi io s are Chris mas Day, December 25, a d ew Year's Day, Ja uary 1. he America radi io s of hose days are ge erally he same as hose i o her a io s which observe hem—bu hose who live i such a io s may o ice a leas some differe ces. Chris mas is a mos impor a religious holy day for Chris ia s, who a e d special church services o celebra e he bir h of Jesus of azare h. Because i is a religious holy day, i is o a official holiday. However, si ce mos America s are Chris ia , he day is o e o which mos busi esses are closed a d he grea es possible umber of workers, i cludi g gover me employees, have he day off. Ma y places of busi ess eve close early o he day before Chris mas. Whe Chris mas falls o a Su day, he ex day is also a holiday. a urally Chris ia s observe Chris mas accordi g o he radi io s of heir par icular church. Besides he s ric ly religious radi io s, however, o her commo Chris mas prac ices are observed by people who are o religious or who are o Chris ia . I his way, some Chris mas radi io s have become America radi io s. Amo g hem: Gif -givi g is so commo a Chris mas ime ha for mos s ores i mea s a sharp i crease i sales. S ores, i fac , are full of shoppers from ha ksgivi g ime i la e ovember u il he day before Chris mas. his si ua io has caused ma y religious people o complai ha he religious mea i g of Chris mas is bei g subver ed, ha Chris mas has become "commercial." Despi e he cri icism, Chris mas shoppi g is a major ac ivi y of ma y America s i he mo h of December. Gif s are give o childre , members of he family a d close frie ds. hey are give o people who have do e favors for o hers or who work for hem. Some people bake cookies or make ca dies or o her special food rea s for frie ds a d eighbors. Ma y busi esses give heir workers a Chris mas "bo us"—gif s of ex ra mo ey— o show apprecia io for heir work. Chris mas is also a ime whe mos America s show grea ge erosi y o o hers less for u a e ha hey. hey se d mo ey o hospi als or orpha ages or co ribu e o fu ds ha help he poor. Mos America s se d gree i g cards o heir frie ds a d family a Chris mas ime. Some people who are frie ds or rela ives a d live grea dis a ces from each o her may o be much i co ac wi h each o her duri g he year—bu will usually excha ge gree i g cards a d of e a Chris mas le er elli g heir family ews. Sa a Claus is a my hical ma who is said o live a he or h Pole, where he makes oys hroughou he year.
he Sa a Claus charac er is derived from age-old s ories abou a early Chris ia sai amed icholas, k ow for his givi g of gif s. Sa a Claus, pic ured as a cheerful fa ma wi h lo g whi e beard a d dressed i a red sui , supposedly visi s he home of good childre o he igh before Chris mas a d leaves hem gif s. Very you g America childre look forward eagerly o Chris mas mor i g, whe hey fi d gif s he has lef behi d. he decora i g of homes for Chris mas is very commo . Mos America s who observe Chris mas have a Chris mas ree i heir homes. his may be a real evergree ree or a ar ificial o e. I ei her case, he ree is decora ed a d rimmed wi h small ligh s a d or ame s. O her decora io s such as ligh s a d wrea hs of evergree a d sig s wishi g people a "Merry Chris mas" ca be fou d i side a d ou side of ma y homes. A Chris mas di er, of e wi h urkey o he me u, for family a d frie ds is also a America radi io ; so are par ies for frie ds, family a d co-workers. Besides he Chris mas di er, ma y people hold o her gala ge - oge hers jus before a d jus af er Chris mas. Al hough ew Year's Day is also a Chris ia holy day, i has a lo g secular radi io which makes i a holiday for all America s. Mos of he celebra i g of he holiday akes place he igh before, whe America s ga her i homes or i res aura s or o her public places o e joy food a d beverages a d o wish each o her a happy a d prosperous year ahead. Balloo s a d paper s reamers a d hor s a d o her oisemakers are all arou d a mid igh whe he old year passes away a d he ew year arrives. O e of he more colorful a d u usual observa ces of ew Year's Day akes place i Philadelphia, where large groups of people weari g u usual cos umes parade hrough he ci y wi h ba ds. Vale i e'e Day a d Hallowee O e o her day ha mos America s observe, eve hough i is o a official holiday, is February 14, Vale i e's Day, amed for a early Chris ia mar yr whose feas day was o ce observed o ha day. O his day, America s give special symbolic gif s o people hey love. hey also se d special gree i g cards called Vale i es o such people. Mos commo ly, he gif s are ca dy or flowers. Hallowee , he las day of Oc ober, has a special sig ifica ce for childre , who dress i fu y or ghos ly cos umes a d k ock a eighborhood doors. Af er shou i g " rick or rea !" hey are give gif s of ca dy or mo ey. Origi ally a religious holiday— he eve i g before All Sai s or All-Hallows Day, Hallowee is ow celebra ed by America s more accordi g o a cie Cel ic paga radi io s. Some childre collec mo ey o his day o help childre of o her a io s hrough he U i ed a io s Childre 's Fu d (U ICEF).
Этот вид носит название longa manu traditio. Установление права на вещь, уже находящуюся во владении приобретателя, называется brevi manu traditio. Эти виды Т. знает и русское право, постановляющее, что "передача от продавца покупщику проданного движимого имущества совершается действительным покупщику вручением самого сего имущества или поступлением оного в его распоряжение" (ст. 1510). Формулировка этой статьи показывает, что русское право не знает абстрактной Т. У нас имущества приобретаются меною, покупкой и другими договорами, и движимая вещь, находящаяся в руках владельца, считается его собственностью, пока противное не доказано (534 ст.). Литература. Windscheid, "Lehrtb. der Pand." (I, изд. 1900); Dernburg, "Pandecten" (I, 24 15);Stobbe, "Handb. des deutsch. Privatrechts" (Б., 1896); Chlamtacz, "Die Rechtliche Natur der Ubereignungsart durch Tradition im Roem. Recht" (Лпц., 1897); Мейер, "Русское гражданское право" (стр. 31, 7-е изд., СПб., 1897); Загоровский, "О приобретении права собственности на движимые вещи посредством передачи" ("Юридич. Вестник", 1890, № 7). В. Н. Трал - так назыв.: 1) снаряд, употребляемый для исследования морских и речных фарватеров и вообще промеров водного пространства. Т. состоит из 2 диплотов, связанных между собой линем, сажен 20 в длину; лоты эти опускаются в воду с 2 шлюпок, идущих параллельно одна другой, тоже на расстоянии 20 саж. и менее; длина выпущенных диплотлиней может быть втрое более средней глубины осматриваемого пространства
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