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The Consequences of the Soviet-Afghan War |
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Гуашь "Классика", 12 цветов. 
Чашка "Неваляшка". Essay: he Co seque ces of he Sovie -Afgha War. “Wha did he Afgha war give us? housa ds of mo hers who los heir so s, housa ds of cripples, a d housa ds of or -up lives” (q d. i amarov 156). hese are he words of a ve era of he Sovie -Afgha war. he Sovie war was agai s a i er al Afgha problem – he Mujahidee , a Islamic Fu dame alis group ha was ryi g o over ake he ruli g Afgha gover me . Eve af er i e years of i e se figh i g, he war lef o hi g bu housa ds of los i oce lives, a d a u defea ed Mujahidee . he Sovie U io es ablished diploma ic rela io s wi h he ruli g Afgha gover me i he early 1920’s, a d sus ai ed ha rela io ship u il he gover me crumbled. hey provided bo h mili ary a d eco omic aid (Les er, par 23). he Sovie U io had i s ow reaso s for helpi g Afgha is a . heir i e io was o make Afgha is a he firs Muslim s a e o become par of he Sovie U io . By doi g so, hey would show he world he power of he Sovie Empire, because o o -Muslim empire had ever i cluded a Muslim s a e. Bu hey could ’ succeed; o he co rary hey crea ed ha ers of o -Muslim s a es called he aliba , who eamed up wi h he Saudi erroris Bi Lade . his eam has des royed ma y i oce lives. I 1979, more ha 50,000 soldiers from fif ee Republics of he Sovie U io e ered Afgha erri ory. More ha 20,000 of hose soldiers died duri g he i e-year-lo g war (Les er, par 37). he Sovie U io , a d especially he ews media, blamed his failure e irely o i s you hful soldiers. Mili ary service was ma da ory. he boys, who averaged 18 or 19 years of age, had o choice bu o serve for 2 o 3 years. Recrui s for Afgha is a would receive 8-10 weeks of rai i g before bei g se o heir u i s. his rai i g, of course, did ’ cover all he ecessary prepara io . hey received some basic i forma io o how o opera e weapo s, bu o i forma io o how o figh effec ively i he war si ua io hey would face i Afgha is a . Did he Sovie gover me hi k abou he rui ed lives of he Afgha ve era s? o. I s ead i blamed hem for he failure of policies ha were o heir faul . Comi g back o ormal life was very difficul for he Afgha ve era s. Af er hey came home hey s ar ed orga izi g he sor of commu i ies hey’d become accus omed o duri g heir lo g s ay i Afgha is a . his was heir way of isola i g hemselves from ordi ary people. I hese commu i ies hey ried o do almos every hi g hey used o do i Afgha is a . Here hey could do drugs, a d alk abou he war. Bu he gover me shu dow he commu i ies because of he illegal use of drugs. (Galeo i 41). O e of he ve era s said, “We ever came home. Our mi ds were always a war.” (q d. i Galeo i 45). Bu he soldiers did come home, a d all soldiers came back differe ly. Some of hem were o cru ches, some had o ha ds or legs, some had prema urely gray hair, a d ma y of hem re ur ed i zi c coffi s. Ma y soldiers, who were i jured duri g he war, were ever able o fi d a job, because of heir physical co di io . hus hey had o rely e irely o rela ives for he res of heir lives. hese people ha ed he gover me for o assis i g hem fi a cially, because whe hey eeded help, he same gover me ha had se hem o war ur ed away from hem.
Sick of heir lives, a d sick of bei g a ex ra burde o heir rela ives, ma y i valid ve era s commi ed suicide. While ma y ve era s were physically i jured, o hers suffered from complica ed psychological disorders such as flashbacks, emo io al umb ess, wi hdrawal, jumpy hyper-aler ess or over-compe sa ory ex roversio . (Cordovez 247). O e Afgha ve era recalled ha whe heir leadi g vehicle broke dow , a d he driver go ou , a boy abou e years old ra ou of owhere a d s abbed him i he back. He added ha hey ur ed he boy i o a sieve (Galeo i 69). Sovie roops killed a umber of childre i Afgha villages. A comma der who ordered o e massacre said, “Whe hey grow up, hey will ake up arms agai s us.” (q d. i Sha sab171). So how ca a perso who bru ally killed a e -year-old boy lead a ormal life af er comi g back home? Killi g childre , k owi g ha a y ime a bulle ca hi you, k owi g ha o place is safe, ca drive a y sa e perso i sa e. Wha could his have do e o a 18-year-old boy, who was draf ed i o war righ af er gradua i g from high school, who had ever see a y hardship i life? I ormal socie y he killi g of a o her perso is pu ished, some imes by he dea h pe al y. Bu duri g he Afgha war, Sovie soldiers received he power of life a d dea h over o hers. he e de cy of rea i g people however hey wished became commo amo g Sovie soldiers. his riggered he official impriso me of 2,540 Sovie soldiers by he Sovie gover me , for a roci ies agai s Afgha civilia s. (Galeo i 81). his crea ed a o her problem whe hey re ur ed home. hey were u able o overcome he feeli g ha hey had he au hori y o rea people however hey wished. Some ve era s, u able o square he dema ds of war wi h he dema ds of co scie ce, were locked behi d he bars of me al hospi als. O her became compulsively viole . By he e d of 1989, more ha 3,000 ve era s were i priso for crimi al offe ses. Of he 3,000 priso ers, more ha half were co vic ed of murder or rape. (Galeo i 52). A o her co seque ce of he Afgha war was drug addic io a d excess co sump io of alcohol. Because comba i a y area was ’ safe, he soldiers had o be always o high aler . I order o relax, ma y relied o drugs. Afgha is a was he major supplier of poppy o he world duri g hose imes. Drugs became par of he Sovie soldier's lives. Ma y fel ha drugs were esse ial for survival. Drugs helped a soldier o carry 90 pou ds of ammu i io up a d dow he mou ai s. I helped hem o overcome he depressio resul i g from heir frie d’s dea hs, a d o overcome heir ow fear of dea h. Drugs a d alcohol became he usual procedure of self- medica io , because o her op io s were u available. O e ve era said “ here was ’ a si gle perso amo g us who did ’ do drugs i Afgha is a . You eeded relaxa io , or you we ou of your mi d.” (Galeo i 51). his crea ed a ge era io of drug addic s a d alcoholics. Accordi g o he Sovie Depar me of Heal h Services, a 20.4% i crease was regis ered from 1979 o 1985, compared o 1950-1978. (Galeo i 53). oday we have wi essed he graves co seque ce of he Sovie -Afgha war. I crea ed he mo s er he world called he aliba . his harsh fu dame al ruli g body came o power i he vacuum ha came abou af er he Sovie s pulled ou a d re ur ed home.
he Afgha gover me was weak a d lacked a io al power. I soo collapsed givi g rise o he aliba , who ur ed Afgha is a i o world's erroris ce er. Eve oday, he Afgha s a d Sovie s s ill suffer he resul s of he war. Clearly here were o wi ers. Perhaps oday ha has cha ged, because he Afgha people, he Sovie s, a d he US his ime are all o he same side. Perhaps his ime all will be wi ers, a d o ly Bi Lade a d he aliba will be he losers.
После кампании 1941 года Красная Армия сократила размеры и увеличила число фронтов, сделав их примерно равными по силе немецким полевым армиям. 4 Хотя Сталин и Ставка являлись различными сущностями, по сути дела они были одним и тем же. 5 В качестве образца этих новых вышедших в свет документов, поддерживающих данную точку зрения, см.: В. А. Золотарев (ред.). Ставка ВГК: Документы и материалы. 1941 год - в многотомнике «Русский архив: Великая Отечественная», 16-5 (1) (М.: Терра, 1996), а также «Документы по использованию бронетанковых и механизированных войск Советской Армии в период с 22 июня по сентябрь 1941 г. включительно» в «Сборнике боевых документов Великой Отечественной войны», вып. 33 (М.: Воениздат, 1957), имел гриф секретности. 6David М. Glantz, The Initial Period of War on the Eastern Front (London: Frank Cass, 1993). 7 David M. Glantz, Forgotten Battles of the Soviet-German War (1941-1945), volume 1: The Summer-Fall Campaign (22 June - 4 December 1941) (Carlisle, PA: Self-published, 1999), 19-44; David M
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