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Древняя aнглийская проза (Ancient English Prose) |
A cie E glish prose he earlies E glish prose work is he law code of Ki g Ae helberh I of Ke . I was wri e i he very e d of 6 h ce ury. he 7 h a d 8 h ce ury prose was prac ical i i s charac er so a lo of laws a d wills da e back o his period. he his ory of li era ure of his period is closely co ec ed wi h Bede (673-735). his famous mo k was probably he grea es eacher a d he bes -k ow ma of le ers a d scholar i all co emporary Europe. He is o have ra sla ed he Gospel of S .Joh i o Saxo , bu he ra sla io is los . He wro e i La i o a vas ra ge of subjec s from a ural scie ce o grammar a d his ory. His mos impor a work is he Ecclesias ical His ory of he E glish People, which is really a his ory of E gla d from Julius Caesar’s i vasio o 731. Accordi g o i we fi d ou ha Bede could rela e hi gs simply a d well. Bu duri g much of his period co di io s were u favorable o wri i g a d li eracy i E gla d decli ed sharply be wee 800 a d he reig of Ki g Alfred a d he agai af er abou 990. he deeds a d hough s of Alfred (849-901), ki g of he Wes Saxo s, remai a s ro g moral i flue ce o he world. Pos eri y righ ly gave him he sur ame of “ he Grea ”, as he is o e of he compara ively few grea me of all ime. He led a vigorous program o ra sla e i o E glish “cer ai books ha are ecessary for all me o k ow”. His ill heal h a d he wars wi h he Da es did o keep him from ryi g o educa e his people or from ear i g he i le, “fa her of E glish prose”. Al hough mos of his works are ra sla io s from he La i , ye he has lef he s amp of his origi ali y. For example he re-cas ed a La i work o his ory a d geography wri e i he 5 h ce ury by Orosius. Alfred he Grea omi ed some par s, cha ged o hers, added some i erviews so his book is k ow as Alfred’s Orosius ow. Alfred also ra sla ed Pas oral Rule i order o show he clergy how o each a d care for heir flocks. Alfred was fo d of people a d ried o exami e heir souls o his works. For example, he wro e: “Le us love he ma bu ha e his si s“. His revisio of he legal code, k ow as Alfred’s Laws, shows his moral aim. Alfred also produced a work o moral philosophy, by al eri g a d ame di g he De Co sola io e Philosophie of Boe hius. I simplici y a d moral power, some of Alfred’s origi al ma er i his volume was o surpassed by a y E glish wri er for several hu dred years. Alfred's i eres i he his ory of his people is evide ced, i he s imulus he appare ly gave o he recordi g of i i sys ema ic fashio . he A glo-Saxo Chro icle was probably origi a ed i Alfred’s reig . his is he firs his ory of a y bra ch of he eu o ic people i heir ow o gue. From a als already exis i g a d k ow La i sources, a compiler pu oge her (abou 891) a accou of previous E glish his ory from he age of Julius Caesar. Ou s a di g eve s falli g i Alfred's reig were old &quo ;wi h bread h a d de ail. his origi al versio of he so-called A glo-Saxo Chro icle was se o a umber of ce res of lear i g a d here carried forward as official suppleme s were circula ed for addi io o i .
Local ma erials were also used. he oldes survivi g versio , closes o Alfred's origi al projec , is he Parker ma uscrip ( hus amed because i was o ce i he possessio of Archbishop Parker). he Chro icle has come dow o us i several differe ex s. Accordi g as i was compiled or copied a differe mo as eries. he e ries, rela i g o earlier eve s were copied from Bede’s Ecclesias ical His ory a d from o her La i au hori ies. he Chro icle co ai s chiefly hose eve s which each year impressed he clerical compilers as he mos impor a i he his ory of he a io . his work is a fou ai head o which wri ers of he his ory of hose imes mus ur . Some imes he arra ive is ex remely vivid. For example he excelle ce of he por rai ure of William he Co queror is evide . he Be edic i e reform of he mid-10 h ce ury brough abou a period of lively li erary ac ivi y. Ae helwold, bishop of Wi ches er a d o e of he leaders of he reform, ra sla ed he rule of S .Be edic . Bu he grea es a d mos prolific wri er of his period was his pupil Aelfric. his abbo followed Alfred’s example i wri i g a ive E glish prose. His chief works are his Homilies, a series of sermo s, a d he Lives of Sai s. Al hough much of his wri i g is a compila io or a ra sla io from he La i Fa hers, i is of e remarkably vigorous i expressio . o moder readers he mos i eres i g of Aelfric’s wri i gs is his Colloquium, desig ed o each La i i he mo as ery of Wi ches er. he pupils were required o lear he La i ra sforma io of his dialogues i he A glo-Saxo ver acular. Some of his dialogues are oday valuable illus ra io s of he social a d i dus rial life of he ime. Wolfsa (died 1023) was a co emporary a d frie d of Aelfric. Amo g ( he homilies ascribed o him, he mos famous a d mos eloque is a address o he people of E gla d o he evils a d calami ies of his imes. Wolfsa of course regarded hese qui e simply as pu ishme s (for moral ra sgressio s. Wulfs a 's i e se feeli g a d his mas ery of ora orical s yle raise his Sermo o he E glish above he more co ve io al o es of he ime war i g abou a immi e e d of he world. So by he e d of a cie period E glish had bee es ablished as a li erary la guage wi h a polish a d versa ili y u equalled amo g Europea ver aculars.
* Prose (Проза) prose_classic — Classics prose — Классическая проза prose_history — Historical prose — Историческая проза prose_contemporary — Contemporary prose — Современная проза prose_counter — Counterculture — Контркультура prose_rus_classic — Russian classics prose — Русская классическая проза prose_su_classics — Soviet classics prose — Советская классическая проза * Romance (Любовные романы) love_contemporary — Contemporary Romance — Современные любовные романы love_history — Historical Romance — Исторические любовные романы love_detective — Detective Romance — Остросюжетные любовные романы love_short — Short Romance — Короткие любовные романы love_erotica — Erotica — Эротика * Adventure (Приключения) adv_western — Western — Вестерн adv_history — History — Исторические приключения adv_indian — Indians — Про индейцев adv_maritime — Maritime Fiction — Морские истории adv_geo — Travel & geography — Путешествия и география adv_animal — Nature & animals — Природа и животные adventure — Other — Прочие
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