|
|
|
сделать стартовой | добавить в избранное |
 |
|
A role of the Environmental Ethics in the modern society |
Карабин, 6x60 мм. 
Горшок торфяной для цветов. 
Крючки с поводками Mikado SSH Fudo "SB Chinu", №4BN, поводок 0,22 мм. Execu ed by: s ude BA-40 group Radche ko a aliya Facul y: direc io a d elevisio KYIV-2000 he i spira io for e viro me al e hics was he firs Ear h Day i 1970 whe e viro me alis s s ar ed urgi g philosophers who were i volved wi h e viro me al groups o do some hi g abou e viro me al e hics. A i ellec ual clima e had developed i he las few years of he 1960s i large par because of he publica io of wo papers i Scie ce: Ly Whi e`s “ he His orical Roo s of our Ecological Crisis” (March 1967) a d Gare Hardi `s " he ragedy of he Commo s" (December 1968). Mos i flue ial wi h regard o his ki d of hi ki g, however, was a essay i Aldo Leopold`s A Sa d Cou y Alma ac, " he La d E hic," i which Leopold explici ly claimed ha he roo s of he ecological crisis were philosophical. Al hough origi ally published i 1949, Sa d Cou y Alma ac became widely available i 1970 i a special Sierra Club/Balla i e edi io , which i cluded essays from a seco d book, Rou d River. Mos academic ac ivi y i he 1970s was spe deba i g he Ly Whi e hesis a d he ragedy of he commo s. hese deba es were primarily his orical, heological, a d religious, o philosophical. hroughou mos of he decade philosophers sa o he sideli es ryi g o de ermi e wha a field called e viro me al e hics migh look like. he firs philosophical co fere ce was orga ized by William Blacks o e a he U iversi y of Georgia i 1972. he proceedi gs were published as Philosophy a d E viro me al Crisis i 1974, which i cluded Pe e Gu er`s firs paper o he Big hicke . I 1972 a book called “Is I oo La e?” A heology of Ecology, wri e by Joh B. Cobb, was published. I was he firs si gle-au hored book wri e by a philosopher, eve hough he primary focus of he book was heological a d religious. I 1973 a Aus ralia philosopher, Richard Rou ley ( ow Sylva ), prese ed a paper a he 15 h World Co gress of Philosophy "Is here a eed for a ew, a E viro me al, E hic?" A year la er Joh Passmore, a o her Aus ralia , wro e Ma ’s Respo sibili y for a ure, i which, reac i g o Rou ley, he argued ha here was o eed for a e viro me al e hic a all. Mos deba es amo g philosophers u il he mid-1980s was focused o refu i g Passmore. I 1975 e viro me al e hics came o he a e io of mai s ream philosophy wi h he publica io of Holmes Rols o , III`s paper, "Is here a Ecological E hic?" i E hics. Ar e aess, a orwegia philosopher a d he fou di g edi or of he jour al I quiry au hored a d published a paper i I quiry “ he Shallow a d he Deep, Lo g-ra ge Ecology Moveme ” i 1973, which was he begi i g of he deep ecology moveme . Impor a wri ers i his moveme i clude George Sessio s, Bill DeVall, Warwick Fox, a d, i some respec s, Max Oelschlaeger. hroughou he 1970s I quiry was he primary philosophy jour al ha deal wi h e viro me al e hics. E viro me al e hics was, for he mos par , co sidered a curiosi y a d mai s ream philosophy jour als rarely published more ha o e ar icle per year, if ha . Oppor u i ies for publishi g drama ically improved i 1979 whe Euge e C. Hargrove fou ded he jour al E viro me al E hics. he ame of he jour al became he ame of he field.
he firs five years of he jour al was spe mos ly argui g abou righ s for a ure a d he rela io ship of e viro me al e hics a d a imal righ s/a imal libera io . Righ s los a d a imal welfare e hics was de ermi ed o be a separa e field. A imal righ s has si ce developed as a separa e field wi h a separa e jour al, firs , E hics a d A imals, which was la er superseded by Be wee he Species. Cobb published a o her book i he early 1980s, he Libera io of Life wi h co-au hor Charles Birch. his book ook a process philosophy approach i accorda ce wi h he philosophy of orga ism of Alfred or h Whi ehead. Robi A field, a philosopher i Wales, wro e a book called he E hics of E viro me al Co cer . I was he firs full-le g h respo se o Passmore. A a hology of papers, E hics a d he E viro me , was edi ed by Do ald Scherer a d om A ig. here was a ur i g poi abou 1988 whe ma y si gle-au hored books bega o come available: Paul aylor`s Respec for a ure; Holmes Rols o `s E viro me al E hics; Mark Sagoff`s he Eco omy of he Ear h; a d Euge e C. Hargrove`s Fou da io s of E viro me al E hics. J. Baird Callico crea ed a collec io of his papers, I Defe ce of he La d E hic. Brya or o wro e Why Preserve a ural Diversi y? followed more rece ly by oward U i y amo g E viro me alis s. A large umber of books have bee wri e by Kris i Shrader-Freche e o eco omics a d policy. I he 1980s a seco d moveme , ecofemi ism, developed. Kare Warre is he key philosopher, al hough he ecofemi ism moveme i volves ma y hi kers from o her fields. I was he followed by a hird, social ecology, based o he views of Murray Bookchi . A impor a li k be wee academics a d radical e viro me alis s was es ablished wi h he crea io of he Ca adia deep ecology jour al, he rumpe er. I 1989, Ear h E hics Quar erly was begu as a more popular e viro me al publica io . Origi ally i e ded primarily as a repri publica io , ow as a publica io of he Ce re for Respec for Life a d E viro me , i is focused more o i er a io al sus ai able developme . he 1990s bega wi h he es ablishme of he I er a io al Socie y for E viro me al E hics, which was fou ded largely hrough he effor s of Laura Wes ra a d Holmes Rols o , III. I ow has members hroughou he world. I 1992, a seco d refereed philosophy jour al, dedica ed o e viro me al e hics, E viro me al Values published i s firs issue i E gla d. O he heore ical level, aylor a d Rols o , despi e ma y disagreeme s, ca be regarded as objec ive o a hropoce ric i ri sic value heoris s. Callico , who follows Aldo Leopold closely, is a subjec ive o a hropoce ric i ri sic value heoris . Hargrove is co sidered a weak a hropoce ric i ri sic value heoris . Sagoff is very close o his posi io al hough he does ’ alk abou i ri sic value much a d akes a Ka ia ra her ha a Aris o lia approach. A he far e d is Brya or o who hough up weak a hropoce rism bu wa s o replace i ri sic value wi h a pragma ic co cep io of value. A brief his ory of e viro me al co scious ess i he wes er world places our views i perspec ive a d provides a co ex for u ders a di g he maze of rela ed a d u rela ed hough s, philosophies, a d prac ices ha we call "e viro me alism."
U ders a di g where he ques io s bei g asked a d a alyzed are comi g from is esse ial i e viro me al a alysis: he ki ds of ques io s asked by a e viro me al group a d heir i erpre a io of he resul s ca be vas ly differe from, for example, a u ili y, loggi g compa y or special i eres (ra chers grazi g public la ds, a d so for h). he erm "e viro me al e hics," i fac he whole field, is a very rece phe ome um, ac ually o ly several decades old, al hough ma y par icular co cer s or philosophical hreads have bee developi g for several ce uries. A Professor amed Euge e Hargroves bega a jour al he amed E viro me al E hics i he la e 1970s i which co roversies regardi g e viro me al behaviour a d visio s could be discussed. his ame became a umbrella for a group of s ra ge bedfellows. A co roversy had begu i 1974 whe a Aus ralia amed Joh Passmore published a book called "Ma `s respo sibili y for a ure: ecological problems a d wes er radi io s" i which he argued ha e viro me al preserva io a d co cer was i co sis e wi h wes er radi io . Robi A field replied 1983 i a book e i led " he e hics of e viro me al co cer " by holdi g ha he s ewardship radi io was more impor a ha domi io i wes er hough , a d ha his is wha forms he fou da io for e viro me al e hics. E viro me al e hics is a collec io of i depe de e hical ge eraliza io s, o a igh , ra io ally ordered se of rules. E viro me al e hics will be a compila io of i errela ed i depe de guideli es - a process field ha will be comi g oge her for a lo g ime. E hics really flow from peoples percep io s, a i udes a d behaviour - as i he case of e viro me al e hics a d a imal libera io . Like chess, decisio maki g i life is very percep ual or i ui ive - by a alogy, here are l) favouri e forma io s (of players or argume s); 2) empirical i ves iga io of hese (wi h maximum a d mi imum expec a io s); which leads o a progressive deepe i g of perspec ive. he problem is o ly dimly perceived i he begi i g, bu becomes clearer wi h hough a d re-exami a io . Wha holds a chess game oge her is o he rules bu he experie ce he i dividual player. A gra d mas er a chess sees more o a chessboard i a few seco ds ha a average player sees i hir y mi u es. E viro me al e hics oday e compasses a diverse, o ecessarily rela ed, a hology i cludi g: 1. A imal righ s. 2. he La d E hic. 3. Ecofemi ism. 4. Deep Ecology. 5. Shallow Ecology. 6. he righ s of rocks, a d so for h. 8. Bioe hics. Bioe hics could be defi ed as he s udy of e hical issues a d decisio -maki g associa ed wi h he use of livi g orga isms a d medici e. I i cludes bo h medical e hics a d e viro me al e hics. Ra her ha defi i g a correc decisio i is abou he process of decisio -maki g bala ci g differe be efi s, risks a d du ies. he word "bioe hics" was firs used i 1970, however, he co cep of bioe hics is much older, as we ca see i he e hics formula ed a d deba ed i li era ure, ar , music a d he ge eral cul ural a d religious radi io s of our a ces ors. Socie y is faci g ma y impor a decisio s abou he use of scie ce a d ech ology. hese decisio s affec he e viro me , huma heal h, socie y a d i er a io al policy.
For example, was it purely by chance that Bantu peoples originating from equatorial Africa displaced Khoisan people over most of southern Africa, rather than vice versa? While we cannot expect to identify ultimate environmental factors behind small-scale conquests, chance should play less of a role and ultimate factors should be more compelling if we focus on large-scale population shifts over long times. Hence Chapters Fourteen and Fifteen will examine two of the largest-scale shifts in recent history: the modern expansion of Europeans over the New World and Australia; and the perennial puzzle of how Indo-European languages managed earlier to overrun so much of Eurasia from an initially restricted homeland. We shall see clearly in the former case, and more speculatively in the latter, how each human society's culture and competitive position have been shaped by its biological and geographical heritage, especially by the plant and animal species available to it for domestication. Competition among members of the same species is not unique to humans
1. On the problem of crystal metallic lattice in the densest packings of chemical elements
2. The political role of Great Britain in modern world
3. The role of art in our life
4. The role of art in our life
9. Redesigning the Dragon Financial Reform in the Peoples Republic of China
10. Polysemy In The Semantic Field Of Movement In The English Language
11. Regional variation of pronunciation in the south-west of England
12. Some problems of borrowing in the Russian language
13. The improvement of work on the rhythm in the classes of english on the materials of limericks
14. Basic perspectives and schools of developing sociology in the XX century
15. French Borrowings in the Modern English Language
16. Problem of Synonyms in the Translation
Мольберт "Ника растущий", со счетами (оранжевый). 
Конструктор "Краски дня. Утро", 105 деталей. 
Глобус Звездного неба диаметром 320 мм. 19. Advertising in the world of art
20. Higher Education in The U.K.
21. British painting in the 17-18th centuries (Британская живопись 17-18 вв.)
25. Whether ‘tis nobler in the mind... Пастернак и нравственная дилемма послереволюционной интеллигенции
26. Прошлое экологического движения (The Environmental Movement As It Was)
27. Science in the 20th century
29. Many strange children were found in the world
Настольная игра "Кортекс". 
Книга-сейф "Английский словарь", цвет: черный, 24 см. 
Карандаши для левшей "EasyColors", 12 цветов. 33. The Tower in the 19th Century: From fortress to ancient monument
34. The Infinitive Constructions and The Ways of Their Using
35. The Socialist-Revolutionaries and the labor movement (the beginning of the twentieth century)
36. The unions of artists - "THE BLUE ROSE" AND "THE JACK OF DIAMONDS"
37. The republic referendum in Australia
41. The effect of light intensity on the amount of chlorophyll in “Cicer arietinum”
42. My modern image of the United States
43. History of `The Beatles` and biographies of members in english
45. The Problem of Holmelessness in Canada
46. Use of the Topical Project Work “My Body” for Developing All Language Skills in Form 4
48. Rise of sociology as an intellectual tradition. Classical tradition in sociology of the XIX century
Столик пеленальный "Фея" (цвет: сиреневый). 
Набор мисок с синими крышками, 5 предметов. 
Планшет для пастелей "Сладкие грезы", А3, 18 листов. 49. The development of sustainable tourism in Turkey
50. Lectures in Contrastive Lexicology of the English and Ukrainian Languages
52. The Economy of Great Britain
53. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
57. Project of decoding of "The Stermer Effect" (Сигналы из космоса, серии Штермера)
58. How telecommunication change the defenition of work /Telework/
59. The cinema in Russia today
60. The Impact of the Afghan War on soviet soldiers
63. The Economy of Great Britain
64. The New-York City, Places of interest
Коробка картонная для цветов с люверсами и ручками "Лайм", 30x30x20 см. 
Пробковая доска в деревянной раме MDF, 40x30 см. 
Детская горка, розовая. 65. Династия Тюдоров (essay the house of Tudor)
66. Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov: on the brink of suicide. Ф.М. Достоевский, Преступление и наказание
67. The influence of the Great Britain on our daily life
69. Consequence of building the National Missile Defense
73. Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov: on the brink of suicide. Ф.М. Достоевский, Преступление и наказание
74. The History of Alaska (история Аляски)
75. Evaluating the GPRS Radio Interface for Different Quality of Service Profiles
76. The Consequences of the Soviet-Afghan War
77. Преп. Максим исповедник о бесконечности человека (st. Maximus the confessor on the infinity of man)
78. Geometrization of the Fundamentals of Chemistry
79. Финансовые инструменты ("Financial Instruments. Teaching materials of the course")
Багетная рама "Mia" (серебро), 30х40 см. 
Ящик для игрушек "Кристалл". 
Балерины. 5 часов активной игры. Более 400 наклеек!. Пратт Леони81. Мальтийский еврей (The Jew of Malta)
82. The teaching of Hugo Gratius
85. The National Emblem of the Republic of Kazakhstan
90. The United States Of America
91. The uniqueness of the British
92. The protection of the environment
93. The library of our institute
94. The weather in Great Britain
Точилка механическая, с механизмом автофиксации карандаша. 
Набор маркеров, металлик, 5 цветов. 
Лото пластиковое. Орнаменты. Комплект из трех игр. 97. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Nothern Ireland. The land and the people.
98. Zaporozhye: The city in which I live
99. Washington is the capital of the USA
