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A Brief History of the Internet and Related Networks |
Коврик для запекания, силиконовый "Пекарь". 
Горшок торфяной для цветов. 
Пакеты с замком "Extra зиплок" (гриппер), комплект 100 штук (150x200 мм). I roduc io I 1973, he U.S. Defe se Adva ced Research Projec s Age cy (DARPA) i i ia ed a research program o i ves iga e ech iques a d ech ologies for i erli ki g packe e works of various ki ds. he objec ive was o develop commu ica io pro ocols which would allow e worked compu ers o commu ica e ra spare ly across mul iple, li ked packe e works. his was called he I er e i g projec a d he sys em of e works which emerged from he research was k ow as he "I er e ." he sys em of pro ocols which was developed over he course of his research effor became k ow as he CP/IP Pro ocol Sui e, af er he wo i i ial pro ocols developed: ra smissio Co rol Pro ocol ( CP) a d I er e Pro ocol (IP). I 1986, he U.S. a io al Scie ce Fou da io ( SF) i i ia ed he developme of he SF E which, oday, provides a major backbo e commu ica io service for he I er e . Wi h i s 45 megabi per seco d facili ies, he SF E carries o he order of 12 billio packe s per mo h be wee he e works i li ks. he a io al Aero au ics a d Space Admi is ra io ( ASA) a d he U.S. Depar me of E ergy co ribu ed addi io al backbo e facili ies i he form of he SI E a d ES E respec ively. I Europe, major i er a io al backbo es such as ORDU E a d o hers provide co ec ivi y o over o e hu dred housa d compu ers o a large umber of e works. Commercial e work providers i he U.S. a d Europe are begi i g o offer I er e backbo e a d access suppor o a compe i ive basis o a y i eres ed par ies. "Regio al" suppor for he I er e is provided by various co sor ium e works a d "local" suppor is provided hrough each of he research a d educa io al i s i u io s. Wi hi he U i ed S a es, much of his suppor has come from he federal a d s a e gover me s, bu a co siderable co ribu io has bee made by i dus ry. I Europe a d elsewhere, suppor arises from coopera ive i er a io al effor s a d hrough a io al research orga iza io s. Duri g he course of i s evolu io , par icularly af er 1989, he I er e sys em bega o i egra e suppor for o her pro ocol sui es i o i s basic e worki g fabric. he prese emphasis i he sys em is o mul ipro ocol i erworki g, a d i par icular, wi h he i egra io of he Ope Sys ems I erco ec io (OSI) pro ocols i o he archi ec ure. Bo h public domai a d commercial impleme a io s of he roughly 100 pro ocols of CP/IP pro ocol sui e became available i he 1980's. Duri g he early 1990's, OSI pro ocol impleme a io s also became available a d, by he e d of 1991, he I er e has grow o i clude some 5,000 e works i over hree doze cou ries, servi g over 700,000 hos compu ers used by over 4,000,000 people. A grea deal of suppor for he I er e commu i y has come from he U.S. Federal Gover me , si ce he I er e was origi ally par of a federally-fu ded research program a d, subseque ly, has become a major par of he U.S. research i fras ruc ure. Duri g he la e 1980's, however, he popula io of I er e users a d e work co s i ue s expa ded i er a io ally a d bega o i clude commercial facili ies. I deed, he bulk of he sys em oday is made up of priva e e worki g facili ies i educa io al a d research i s i u io s, busi esses a d i gover me orga iza io s across he globe.
he Coordi a i g Commi ee for I erco i e al e works (CCIR ), which was orga ized by he U.S. Federal e worki g Cou cil (F C) a d he Europea Reseaux Associees pour la Recherche Europee e (RARE), plays a impor a role i he coordi a io of pla s for gover me - spo sored research e worki g. CCIR effor s have bee a s imulus for he suppor of i er a io al coopera io i he I er e e viro me . I er e ech ical Evolu io Over i s fif ee year his ory, he I er e has fu c io ed as a collabora io amo g coopera i g par ies. Cer ai key fu c io s have bee cri ical for i s opera io , o he leas of which is he specifica io of he pro ocols by which he compo e s of he sys em opera e. hese were origi ally developed i he DARPA research program me io ed above, bu i he las five or six years, his work has bee u der ake o a wider basis wi h suppor from Gover me age cies i ma y cou ries, i dus ry a d he academic commu i y. he I er e Ac ivi ies Board (IAB) was crea ed i 1983 o guide he evolu io of he CP/IP Pro ocol Sui e a d o provide research advice o he I er e commu i y. Duri g he course of i s exis e ce, he IAB has reorga ized several imes. I ow has wo primary compo e s: he I er e E gi eeri g ask Force a d he I er e Research ask Force. he former has primary respo sibili y for fur her evolu io of he CP/IP pro ocol sui e, i s s a dardiza io wi h he co curre ce of he IAB, a d he i egra io of o her pro ocols i o I er e opera io (e.g. he Ope Sys ems I erco ec io pro ocols). he I er e Research ask Force co i ues o orga ize a d explore adva ced co cep s i e worki g u der he guida ce of he I er e Ac ivi ies Board a d wi h suppor from various gover me age cies. A secre aria has bee crea ed o ma age he day- o-day fu c io of he I er e Ac ivi ies Board a d I er e E gi eeri g ask Force. IE F mee s hree imes a year i ple ary a d i s approxima ely 50 worki g groups co ve e a i ermedia e imes by elec ro ic mail, eleco fere ci g a d a face- o-face mee i gs. he IAB mee s quar erly face- o-face or by videoco fere ce a d a i erve i g imes by elepho e, elec ro ic mail a d compu er-media ed co fere ces. wo o her fu c io s are cri ical o IAB opera io : publica io of docume s describi g he I er e a d he assig me a d recordi g of various ide ifiers eeded for pro ocol opera io . hroughou he developme of he I er e , i s pro ocols a d o her aspec s of i s opera io have bee docume ed firs i a series of docume s called I er e Experime o es a d, la er, i a series of docume s called Reques s for Comme (RFCs). he la er were used i i ially o docume he pro ocols of he firs packe swi chi g e work developed by DARPA, he ARPA E , begi i g i 1969, a d have become he pri cipal archive of i forma io abou he I er e . A prese , he publica io fu c io is provided by a RFC edi or. he recordi g of ide ifiers is provided by he I er e Assig ed umbers Au hori y (IA A) who has delega ed o e par of his respo sibili y o a I er e Regis ry which ac s as a ce ral reposi ory for I er e i forma io a d which provides ce ral alloca io of e work a d au o omous sys em ide ifiers, i some cases o subsidiary regis ries loca ed i various cou ries.
he I er e Regis ry (IR) also provides ce ral mai e a ce of he Domai ame Sys em (D S) roo da abase which poi s o subsidiary dis ribu ed D S servers replica ed hroughou he I er e . he D S dis ribu ed da abase is used, i er alia, o associa e hos a d e work ames wi h heir I er e addresses a d is cri ical o he opera io of he higher level CP/IP pro ocols i cludi g elec ro ic mail. here are a umber of e work I forma io Ce ers ( ICs) loca ed hroughou he I er e o serve i s users wi h docume a io , guida ce, advice a d assis a ce. As he I er e co i ues o grow i er a io ally, he eed for high quali y IC fu c io s i creases. Al hough he i i ial commu i y of users of he I er e were draw from he ra ks of compu er scie ce a d e gi eeri g, i s users ow comprise a wide ra ge of discipli es i he scie ces, ar s, le ers, busi ess, mili ary a d gover me admi is ra io . Rela ed e works I 1980-81, wo o her e worki g projec s, BI E a d CS E , were i i ia ed. BI E adop ed he IBM RSCS pro ocol sui e a d fea ured direc leased li e co ec io s be wee par icipa i g si es. Mos of he origi al BI E co ec io s li ked IBM mai frames i u iversi y da a ce ers. his rapidly cha ged as pro ocol impleme a io s became available for o her machi es. From he begi i g, BI E has bee mul i-discipli ary i a ure wi h users i all academic areas. I has also provided a umber of u ique services o i s users (e.g., LIS SERV). oday, BI E a d i s parallel e works i o her par s of he world (e.g., EAR i Europe) have several housa d par icipa i g si es. I rece years, BI E has es ablished a backbo e which uses he CP/IP pro ocols wi h RSCS-based applica io s ru i g above CP. CS E was i i ially fu ded by he a io al Scie ce Fou da io ( SF) o provide e worki g for u iversi y, i dus ry a d gover me compu er scie ce research groups. CS E used he Pho e e MMDF pro ocol for elepho e-based elec ro ic mail relayi g a d, i addi io , pio eered he firs use of CP/IP over X.25 usi g commercial public da a e works. he CS E ame server provided a early example of a whi e pages direc ory service a d his sof ware is s ill i use a umerous si es. A i s peak, CS E had approxima ely 200 par icipa i g si es a d i er a io al co ec io s o approxima ely fif ee cou ries. I 1987, BI E a d CS E merged o form he Corpora io for Research a d Educa io al e worki g (CRE ). I he Fall of 1991, CS E service was disco i ued havi g fulfilled i s impor a early role i he provisio of academic e worki g service. A key fea ure of CRE is ha i s opera io al cos s are fully me hrough dues paid by i s member orga iza io s.
These lines # will prevent them from showing up in the logs. # #$IPTABLES -A udp_packets -p UDP -i $INET_IFACE -d $INET_BROADCAST \ #--destination-port 135:139 -j DROP # # If we get DHCP requests from the Outside of our network, our logs will # be swamped as well. This rule will block them from getting logged. # #$IPTABLES -A udp_packets -p UDP -i $INET_IFACE -d 255.255.255.255 \ #--destination-port 67:68 -j DROP # # ICMP rules # $IPTABLES -A icmp_packets -p ICMP -s 0/0 --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT $IPTABLES -A icmp_packets -p ICMP -s 0/0 --icmp-type 11 -j ACCEPT # # 4.1.4 INPUT chain # # # Bad TCP packets we don't want. # $IPTABLES -A INPUT -p tcp -j bad_tcp_packets # # Rules for special networks not part of the Internet # $IPTABLES -A INPUT -p ALL -i $LAN_IFACE -s $LAN_IP_RANGE -j ACCEPT $IPTABLES -A INPUT -p ALL -i $LO_IFACE -s $LO_IP -j ACCEPT $IPTABLES -A INPUT -p ALL -i $LO_IFACE -s $LAN_IP -j ACCEPT $IPTABLES -A INPUT -p ALL -i $LO_IFACE -s $INET_IP -j ACCEPT # # Special rule for DHCP requests from LAN, which are not caught properly # otherwise. # $IPTABLES -A INPUT -p UDP -i $LAN_IFACE --dport 67 --sport 68 -j ACCEPT # # Rules for incoming packets from the internet. # $IPTABLES -A INPUT -p ALL -d $INET_IP -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED \ -j ACCEPT $IPTABLES -A INPUT -p TCP -i $INET_IFACE -j tcp_packets $IPTABLES -A INPUT -p UDP -i $INET_IFACE -j udp_packets $IPTABLES -A INPUT -p ICMP -i $INET_IFACE -j icmp_packets # # If you have a Microsoft Network on the outside of your firewall, you may # also get flooded by Multicasts
1. History of `The Beatles` and biographies of members in english
2. The history of Old English and its development
3. The history of smart-cards and their place in modern Russia
4. История Советсткого флота (History of the Soviet fleet)
9. Going public and the dividend policy of the company
11. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
14. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Nothern Ireland. The land and the people.
Карандаши цветные "Замок", 24 цвета + 3 двухцветных карандаша, точилка. 
Фломастеры двухсторонние , 24 цвета. 
Электронный звуковой плакат "Живая география". 17. The history of Ancient Egypt
18. The development of the drama. The theatres and actors
19. Of the Polish political parties and organizations in Vilnius (1919 - 1922 gg.)
20. The comparative typology of English, Russian and Uzbek languages
21. The history of grammar theory
26. The life and work of the self-employed socialist intellectual, Humphrey McQueen
27. Project of decoding of "The Stermer Effect" (Сигналы из космоса, серии Штермера)
28. The conflicts of the modern world. A competitive society
29. The Impact of the Afghan War on soviet soldiers
30. The Irish and South America
31. The influence of the Great Britain on our daily life
32. The Consequences of the Soviet-Afghan War
Бумага "IQ Selection Smooth", А4, 120 г/м2, 500 листов. 
Горка для ванной "Веселое купание". 
Бумага самоклеящаяся, А4, 25 листов, глянец, 85 г/м2. 33. The fastest computers of the world
34. Dark side of the monn - Жизнь после смерти
35. Финансовые инструменты ("Financial Instruments. Teaching materials of the course")
37. A role of the Environmental Ethics in the modern society
41. The protection of the environment
42. Use of the Topical Project Work “My Body” for Developing All Language Skills in Form 4
43. The Weather and Climate Fluctuations
44. The Doctrine of the "Mysterious Female" in Taoism
46. Eyck, Jan van: The Adoration of the Lamb
47. The main fault of The 70s or the years of “might-have-been hopes”
48. Category of number of the noun
Набор продуктов. 
Ручка шариковая BIC "Orange", 20 шт, синие. 
Стул детский "Ника" складной, моющийся (цвет: синий, рисунок: горошек). 49. Historical Background of the Middle English Period
50. Lexicology of the English Language
51. Survival of the Welsh Language
52. Word-formation of the English language. Conversion
53. American Poetry of the Seventeenth Century as a Reflection of Puritan’s Character
57. London city - Capital of the United Kingdom
59. Establishment of the Federal judicial system
60. Second period of the Renaissance.
61. Famous journalist of the English-speaking country. Benjamin Franklin
62. Relief of the UK
63. Why the crystal structure of the element is such lattice but not another?
64. Economy of the Republic of Ireland
Карандаши цветные "Nuance", 24 цвета. 
Мягкий пол универсальный, желтый, 30x30 см (9 деталей). 
Статуэтка "Римская богиня счастья и удачи - Фортуна", 20 см, арт. 127548. 66. The political method of the International Socialist Organisation
67. Drug trafficking - a global challenge of the XXI century
69. Acquaintance with geometry as one of the main goals of teaching mathematics to preschool children
73. Industrial development of the African countries
74. Role of the interpreter in the modern world
75. Sport in different countries of the world
76. Stylistic Classification of the English Vocabulary
77. The explaining of the meaning of neologism
78. The marking of the Russian Revolution
80. The problems of the Subjunctive Mood in English
Термомозаика "В мире животных". 
Кувшин "Бистро", 1,8 л. 
Набор детской посуды "Белоснежка", 3 предмета. 82. Stylistic phonetics based on the examples of the works by P.B. Shelley
83. The impact of the French Revolution on the European system
84. Working out of the search algorithm of failures of Air Conditioning System of TU-154
85. Bilateral relations between countries and the complexity of newspaper editorials
89. Biopolitics in Russia: History and Prospects for the Future
91. Basic perspectives and schools of developing sociology in the XX century
92. Formation and development of political parties in the Republic of Belarus
93. The Infinitive Constructions and The Ways of Their Using
94. The unions of artists - "THE BLUE ROSE" AND "THE JACK OF DIAMONDS"
95. Speeches workers Grodno province in 1905-1907 and the emergence of trade unionism
Кружка "Котик черный". 
Маркеры перманентные, 12 цветов. 
Стиральный порошок "Molecola", для цветного белья, с растительными энзимами, 1,2 кг. 97. The effect of light intensity on the amount of chlorophyll in “Cicer arietinum”
98. Economic Relations between Kazakhstan and Russia
99. The face of every city is different. Washington D.C.
