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Trade in Estonia in the Past and Present |
Сергей Голубев I roduc io I his repor , he commerce i Es o ia is goi g o be described i differe periods of ime. rade i he pas he mos impor a Es o ia radi g ce ers duri g Middle Ages were s ill alli a d arva, he firs as a provi cial ce re a d a ra si harbor be wee Wes er Europe a d Russia. he arva River served as a radi g rou e o Pskov, ovgorod a d Moscow. he Bal ic rade was ake over by foreig mercha s, mos ly from or h Germa y, he e herla ds a d la er E gla d. he mos impor a expor i em was grai ; flax from Russia a d Es o ia was he ex impor a . Russia shipbuildi g ma erials, furs, wax a d imber produc s were se o Wes er Europe via alli . I was by sea ha he mai Es o ia impor s such as sal (which was he ake o Russia a d Fi la d), spices, wi e, frui , sal , ex iles e c. were impor ed from he Wes , mai ly from Spai a d Fla ders. Iro was shipped o Es o ia from Swede a d i from E gla d. he radi g i ems remai ed almos he same duri g he Middle Ages, a d par ly also la er. rade i our ime owadays rade i he cou ry has reached a sig ifica level. Por of alli is he leadi g cargo por i Es o ia, as well as a impor a ra si ce er i ge eral. I ha dles mos of he cargo flows be wee Russia a d Wes er Europe. oday Es o ia expor s various produc s: elec ro ic devices a d compo e s of all ki ds, a d mo or vehicle safe y equipme , wood produc s, ex iles, food produc s, me als a d chemical produc s also. Machi ery a d equipme , chemical produc s, foods uffs, me al produc s, ex iles are bei g impor ed from Fi la d, Russia, Swede , Germa y a d Japa . Co clusio Es o ia is si ua ed o a busy radi g rou e be wee Eas a d Wes a d has always had excelle por s. I is clear ha foreig rade a d ra si are herefore ever more a d more impor a o he Es o ia eco omy.
Psychoanalytic psychology and learning theory // J. Sandier (Ed.), From Safety to Superego.P N.Y.: Guilford Press, 1987. Lndn: Karnac Books, 1987. SANDLER, J., JOFFE, W.G. (1969). Toward a basic psychoanalytic model // J. Sandier (Ed.), From Safety to Superego.P N.Y.: Guilford Press, 1987. Lndn: Kamac Books, 1987. SANDLER, J., JOFFE, W.G. (1970). Discussion of towards a basic psychoanalytical model // International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 51: 183 193. SANDLER, J., KENNEDY, H., TYSON, R.L. (1980). The Technique of Child Analysis: Discussions with Anna Freud.P Cambridge, MA: Harward University Press. [Reprinted Lndn: Karnac Books, 1990.] SANDLER, J., SANDLER, A-M, (1984). The past unconscious, the present unconscious, and interpretation of the transference // Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 4, 367399. SAUL, L.J. (1962). The erotic transference // Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 31, 5461. SAUSSURE, J de. (1979). Narcissistic elements in the negative therapeutic reaction // Paper to 3rd Conference of the European Psycho-Analytical Federation.P Lndn. SCHAFER, R. (1976)
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